Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/krammōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

An o-grade iterative verb from Proto-Indo-European *gromH-néh₂-ti, closely related to the strong verb *krimmaną.[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈkrɑm.mɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*krammōną[1]

  1. to squeeze

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 2)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *krammō *krammǭ *krammōi ?
2nd singular *krammōsi *krammōs *krammō *krammōsai *krammōsau
3rd singular *krammōþi *krammō *krammōþau *krammōþai *krammōþau
1st dual *krammōs *krammōw
2nd dual *krammōþiz *krammōþiz *krammōþiz
1st plural *krammōmaz *krammōm *krammōnþai *krammōnþau
2nd plural *krammōþ *krammōþ *krammōþ *krammōnþai *krammōnþau
3rd plural *krammōnþi *krammōn *krammōnþau *krammōnþai *krammōnþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *krammōdǭ *krammōdēdį̄
2nd singular *krammōdēz *krammōdēdīz
3rd singular *krammōdē *krammōdēdī
1st dual *krammōdēdū *krammōdēdīw
2nd dual *krammōdēdudiz *krammōdēdīdiz
1st plural *krammōdēdum *krammōdēdīm
2nd plural *krammōdēdud *krammōdēdīd
3rd plural *krammōdēdun *krammōdēdīn
present past
participles *krammōndz *krammōdaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *krammōn
    • Old English: crammian
      • Middle English: crammen
    • Old Dutch: *krammōn
    • Old High German: *krammōn
  • Old Norse:

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*krammōn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 301