Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kringaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From the strong verb *kringaną (“to turn, fall”).

Noun

*kringaz m

ring, circle

Inflection

Declension of *kringaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*kringaz	kringōz, kringōs
vocative	*kring	kringōz, kringōs
accusative	*kringą	*kringanz
genitive	kringas, kringis	*kringǫ̂
dative	*kringai	*kringamaz
instrumental	*kringō	*kringamiz

Descendants

Old Saxon: *kring
- Middle Low German: crinc
  - Low German: Kring
Old Dutch: *kring
- Middle Dutch: crinc
  - Dutch: kring
    - Afrikaans: kring
    - Negerhollands: rink
    - → Indonesian: kring; → lingkungan (semantic loan)
    - → Papiamentu: kren
  - Limburgish: krink
Old High German: *kring, chrinc
- Middle High German: krinc
  - German: Kring (obsolete)
  - ⇒ Middle High German: kringel
    - German: Kringel, Krengel
      - → Russian: кре́ндель (kréndelʹ)
        → English: krendel
Old Norse: kringr
- Faroese: kringur
- Icelandic: kringur
- ⇒ Norwegian Nynorsk: kring, omkring, ikring, kringom
- ⇒ Swedish: kring, omkring, ikring

References

Kroonen, Guus (2013) “kringa”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 305