Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kundijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kand- (“to shine, glow”).(Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈkun.ði.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*kundijaną[1][2]

  1. to light up, kindle

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *kundijō *kundijaų — *kundijai ?
2nd singular *kundīsi *kundijais *kundī *kundijasai *kundijaisau
3rd singular *kundīþi *kundijai *kundijaþau *kundijaþai *kundijaiþau
1st dual *kundijōs *kundijaiw — — —
2nd dual *kundijaþiz *kundijaiþiz *kundijaþiz — —
1st plural *kundijamaz *kundijaim — *kundijanþai *kundijainþau
2nd plural *kundīþ *kundijaiþ *kundīþ *kundijanþai *kundijainþau
3rd plural *kundijanþi *kundijain *kundijanþau *kundijanþai *kundijainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *kundidǭ *kundidēdį̄
2nd singular *kundidēz *kundidēdīz
3rd singular *kundidē *kundidēdī
1st dual *kundidēdū *kundidēdīw
2nd dual *kundidēdudiz *kundidēdīdiz
1st plural *kundidēdum *kundidēdīm
2nd plural *kundidēdud *kundidēdīd
3rd plural *kundidēdun *kundidēdīn
present past
participles *kundijandz *kundidaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *kundijan
    • Old High German: *kunten
      • Middle High German: künten, künden
        • German: künten
  • Old Norse: kynda
    • Icelandic: kynda
    • Faroese: kynda
    • Gutnish: kvända
    • Swedish: kynda, kinda (dial.)
    • → Middle English: kinden
      • ⇒ Middle English: kindelen

References

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*kundjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 310-311
  2. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*kunđjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 224
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