Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kwadjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *kweþaną (“to speak”) +‎ *-janą.^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈkʷɑð.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*kwadjaną

to greet

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*kwadjō	*kwadjaų	—	*kwadjai	?
2nd singular	*kwadisi	*kwadjais	*kwadi	*kwadjasai	*kwadjaisau
3rd singular	*kwadiþi	*kwadjai	*kwadjaþau	*kwadjaþai	*kwadjaiþau
1st dual	*kwadjōs	*kwadjaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*kwadjaþiz	*kwadjaiþiz	*kwadjaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*kwadjamaz	*kwadjaim	—	*kwadjanþai	*kwadjainþau
2nd plural	*kwadiþ	*kwadjaiþ	*kwadiþ	*kwadjanþai	*kwadjainþau
3rd plural	*kwadjanþi	*kwadjain	*kwadjanþau	*kwadjanþai	*kwadjainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*kwadidǭ	*kwadidēdį̄
2nd singular	*kwadidēz	*kwadidēdīz
3rd singular	*kwadidē	*kwadidēdī
1st dual	*kwadidēdū	*kwadidēdīw
2nd dual	*kwadidēdudiz	*kwadidēdīdiz
1st plural	*kwadidēdum	*kwadidēdīm
2nd plural	*kwadidēdud	*kwadidēdīd
3rd plural	*kwadidēdun	*kwadidēdīn

	present	past
participles	*kwadjandz	*kwadidaz

Derived terms

*kwadīniz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *kwaddjan
- Old Saxon: queddian
- Old Dutch: quedden
  - Middle Dutch: quedden
    - Dutch: kwedden
- Old High German: quetten
Old Norse: kveðja
- Icelandic: kveðja
- Faroese: kvøðja

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*kwadjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 314

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*kwadjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 314

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