Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kwakōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Likely of onomatopoeic origin.[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈkwɑ.kɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*kwakōną[1]

  1. to quack
  2. to twitter
  3. to croak

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 2)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *kwakō *kwakǭ — *kwakōi ?
2nd singular *kwakōsi *kwakōs *kwakō *kwakōsai *kwakōsau
3rd singular *kwakōþi *kwakō *kwakōþau *kwakōþai *kwakōþau
1st dual *kwakōs *kwakōw — — —
2nd dual *kwakōþiz *kwakōþiz *kwakōþiz — —
1st plural *kwakōmaz *kwakōm — *kwakōnþai *kwakōnþau
2nd plural *kwakōþ *kwakōþ *kwakōþ *kwakōnþai *kwakōnþau
3rd plural *kwakōnþi *kwakōn *kwakōnþau *kwakōnþai *kwakōnþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *kwakōdǭ *kwakōdēdį̄
2nd singular *kwakōdēz *kwakōdēdīz
3rd singular *kwakōdē *kwakōdēdī
1st dual *kwakōdēdū *kwakōdēdīw
2nd dual *kwakōdēdudiz *kwakōdēdīdiz
1st plural *kwakōdēdum *kwakōdēdīm
2nd plural *kwakōdēdud *kwakōdēdīd
3rd plural *kwakōdēdun *kwakōdēdīn
present past
participles *kwakōndz *kwakōdaz

Alternative forms

  • *kwakkōną
  • *kwakjaną

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *kwakōn
    • Old English: *cwacian, *cwæcian
      • Middle English: *quacken, queken (merged with Middle Dutch quacken)
    • Old Frisian: *quakia
      • West Frisian: kweakje, kwaakje
      • Saterland Frisian: kwaokje, kwaakje
    • Old Saxon: *kwakōn, *kwakkōn, *quakōn, *quakkōn
      • Middle Low German: quāken, quacken
        • German Low German: quarken
        • → German: quaken, quacken
    • Old Dutch: *quakon, *quakkon
      • Middle Dutch: quaken, quakken
        • Dutch: kwaken, kwakken, kwekken
  • Old Norse: kvaka, *kvakka

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*kwakōjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 227
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