Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kwakōn

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *kwakōną.

Verb

*kwakōn

  1. quack
  2. to twitter
  3. to croak

Inflection

Class 2 weak
Infinitive *kwakōn
1st sg. past *kwakōdā
Infinitive *kwakōn
Genitive infin. *kwakōnijas
Dative infin. *kwakōnijē
Instrum. infin. *kwakōniju
Indicative Present Past
1st singular *kwakō *kwakōdā
2nd singular *kwakōs *kwakōdēs, *kwakōdōs
3rd singular *kwakōþ *kwakōdē, *kwakōdā
1st plural *kwakōm *kwakōdum
2nd plural *kwakōþ *kwakōdud
3rd plural *kwakōnþ *kwakōdun
Subjunctive Present Past
1st singular *kwakō *kwakōdī
2nd singular *kwakōs *kwakōdī
3rd singular *kwakō *kwakōdī
1st plural *kwakōm *kwakōdīm
2nd plural *kwakōþ *kwakōdīd
3rd plural *kwakōn *kwakōdīn
Imperative Present
Singular *kwakō
Plural *kwakōþ
Present Past
Participle *kwakōndī *kwakōd

Alternative forms

  • *kwakkōn
  • *kwakkjan

Descendants

  • Old English: *cwacian, *cwæcian
    • Middle English: *quacken, queken (merged with Middle Dutch quacken)
  • Old Frisian: *quakia
    • West Frisian: kweakje, kwaakje
    • Saterland Frisian: kwaokje, kwaakje
  • Old Saxon: *kwakōn, *kwakkōn, *quakōn, *quakkōn
    • Middle Low German: quāken, quacken
      • German Low German: quarken
      • → German: quaken, quacken
  • Old Dutch: *quakon, *quakkon
    • Middle Dutch: quaken, quakken
      • Dutch: kwaken, kwakken, kwekken
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