Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/lapjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *lapaną (“to lick up, to lap”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈlɑp.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*lapjaną[1][2]

  1. to lick
  2. to ladle, to scoop

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *lapjō *lapjaų — *lapjai ?
2nd singular *lapisi *lapjais *lapi *lapjasai *lapjaisau
3rd singular *lapiþi *lapjai *lapjaþau *lapjaþai *lapjaiþau
1st dual *lapjōs *lapjaiw — — —
2nd dual *lapjaþiz *lapjaiþiz *lapjaþiz — —
1st plural *lapjamaz *lapjaim — *lapjanþai *lapjainþau
2nd plural *lapiþ *lapjaiþ *lapiþ *lapjanþai *lapjainþau
3rd plural *lapjanþi *lapjain *lapjanþau *lapjanþai *lapjainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *lapidǭ *lapidēdį̄
2nd singular *lapidēz *lapidēdīz
3rd singular *lapidē *lapidēdī
1st dual *lapidēdū *lapidēdīw
2nd dual *lapidēdudiz *lapidēdīdiz
1st plural *lapidēdum *lapidēdīm
2nd plural *lapidēdud *lapidēdīd
3rd plural *lapidēdun *lapidēdīn
present past
participles *lapjandz *lapidaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *lappjan
    • Old English: leppan
    • >? Old Dutch: *leppen
      • Middle Dutch: *leppen
        • Dutch: leppen (“to lap”) (17th c., could alternatively be backformed < lepperen < lapen)
    • Old High German: *lepfen
      • ⇒ Old High German: gilepfen
  • Old Norse: lepja

References

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*lapan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 327: “*lapjan-”
  2. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*lapjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 236
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