Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/laugnijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *laugnaz (“hidden”) +‎ *-janą.^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈlɑu̯ɣ.ni.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*laugnijaną^[1]

to conceal; gainsay; deny

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*laugnijō	*laugnijaų	—	*laugnijai	?
2nd singular	*laugnīsi	*laugnijais	*laugnī	*laugnijasai	*laugnijaisau
3rd singular	*laugnīþi	*laugnijai	*laugnijaþau	*laugnijaþai	*laugnijaiþau
1st dual	*laugnijōs	*laugnijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*laugnijaþiz	*laugnijaiþiz	*laugnijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*laugnijamaz	*laugnijaim	—	*laugnijanþai	*laugnijainþau
2nd plural	*laugnīþ	*laugnijaiþ	*laugnīþ	*laugnijanþai	*laugnijainþau
3rd plural	*laugnijanþi	*laugnijain	*laugnijanþau	*laugnijanþai	*laugnijainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*laugnidǭ	*laugnidēdį̄
2nd singular	*laugnidēz	*laugnidēdīz
3rd singular	*laugnidē	*laugnidēdī
1st dual	*laugnidēdū	*laugnidēdīw
2nd dual	*laugnidēdudiz	*laugnidēdīdiz
1st plural	*laugnidēdum	*laugnidēdīm
2nd plural	*laugnidēdud	*laugnidēdīd
3rd plural	*laugnidēdun	*laugnidēdīn

	present	past
participles	*laugnijandz	*laugnidaz

Derived terms

*laugnīþō

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *laugnijan
- Old English: līegnan, lȳgnan, līgnan, lēgnan
  - Middle English: lihhnen, lighnen, liȝnen, lynen
- Old Frisian: lēina, laina
- Old Saxon: lōgnian, lâgnian, lāgnian, lagnian
  - Middle Low German: lôchenen
  - → Saterland Frisian: löägenje, lööchenje (< lāgnian)
  - → West Frisian: leagenje (< lāgnian)
- Old Dutch: *lōganen, *lōgnen
  - Middle Dutch: logenen, loochenen, loochnen, loggenen
    - Dutch: loochenen
- Old High German: louganen
  - Middle High German: löugenen, lougen
    - German: leugnen
Old Norse: leyna
- Icelandic: leyna
- Faroese: loyna
- Old Swedish: lø̄na
- → Middle English: leynen, leinen, laynen, lainen
  - English: lain
  - Scots: lain
Gothic: 𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌲𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽 (laugnjan)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*laugnjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 328-9

[EDPG-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*laugnjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 328-9

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