Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/mīþaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *meyth₂- (to change, switch).[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈmiː.θɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*mīþaną[1]

  1. (transitive) To avoid, evade, shun

Inflection

Conjugation of (strong class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *mīþō *mīþaų *mīþai ?
2nd singular *mīþizi *mīþaiz *mīþ *mīþazai *mīþaizau
3rd singular *mīþidi *mīþai *mīþadau *mīþadai *mīþaidau
1st dual *mīþōz *mīþaiw
2nd dual *mīþadiz *mīþaidiz *mīþadiz
1st plural *mīþamaz *mīþaim *mīþandai *mīþaindau
2nd plural *mīþid *mīþaid *mīþid *mīþandai *mīþaindau
3rd plural *mīþandi *mīþain *mīþandau *mīþandai *mīþaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *maiþ *midį̄
2nd singular *maist *midīz
3rd singular *maiþ *midī
1st dual *midū *midīw
2nd dual *midudiz *midīdiz
1st plural *midum *midīm
2nd plural *midud *midīd
3rd plural *midun *midīn
present past
participles *mīþandz *midanaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *mīþan
    • Old English: mīþan
      • Middle English: mithen
    • Old Frisian: mītha (in combination)
    • Old Saxon: mīthan
    • Old Dutch: mīthan
    • Old High German: mīdan

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*mīþanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 273