Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/mōtō

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Unknown. Pokorny derives this word from Proto-Indo-European *med- (“to measure”), similar to *metaþs, *metaną, etc.[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈmɔː.tɔː/

Noun

*mōtō f

  1. tax
  2. toll

Inflection

Declension of *mōtō (ō-stem)
singular plural
nominative *mōtō *mōtôz
vocative *mōtō *mōtôz
accusative *mōtǭ *mōtōz
genitive *mōtōz *mōtǫ̂
dative *mōtōi *mōtōmaz
instrumental *mōtō *mōtōmiz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *mōtu
    • Old English: mōt
    • Old High German: *muoza
      • Middle High German: muoze
        • Bavarian: Mueß (“miller's fee”)
  • Gothic: 𐌼𐍉𐍄𐌰 (mōta)
    • → Old High German: mūta[2] [a. 837, cited in a Latin text from Kempten]
      • Middle High German: mūte (restricted to Bavarian)
      • → Medieval Latin: mūta
        • → Middle Dutch: mute (15th c., hapax)
    • → Old Norse: múta (or from Old English?)
  • → Latvian: muita (“customs, tax”) (probably from earlier *mūʔta)
  • → Livonian: mūita (“customs”)
  • → Proto-Slavic: *mytò (see there for further descendants)

References

  1. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “705-06”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 705-06
  2. ^ Friedrich Kluge (1989) “Maut”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the German Language] (in German), 22nd edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN: “nullum teloneum neque quod lingua theodisca Muta vocatur”
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