Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/marką

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Apparently from a pre-Germanic *morg-o-, which is perhaps related to *markō (“rand, border, edge”); see there for more.^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈmɑr.kɑ̃/

Noun

*marką n

mark, sign, stamp

Inflection

Declension of *marką (neuter a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*marką	*markō
vocative	*marką	*markō
accusative	*marką	*markō
genitive	markas, markis	*markǫ̂
dative	*markai	*markamaz
instrumental	*markō	*markamiz

Derived terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *mark
- Old English: marc
  - Middle English: mark
    - English: mark
    - Scots: mark, merk
  - → Irish: marg
- Old Frisian: merk
  - Saterland Frisian: Määrk
  - West Frisian: merk
- Old Saxon: mark, merk
  - Middle Low German: mark
    - German Low German: Mark
- Old Dutch: marc
  - Middle Dutch: marc, marc
    - Dutch: merk
      - Afrikaans: merk
- Old High German: marc n
  - Middle High German: marc, marche, marke (chiefly f, influenced by *marku)
    - German: Mark f
      - → Yiddish: מאַרק (mark)
      - → Luxembourgish: Mark
- → Medieval Latin: marcus (see there for further descendants)
Old Norse: mark, mǫrk n pl
- Icelandic: mark, mörk n pl
- Faroese: mark
- Norwegian: mark
- Old Swedish: mark n
  - Swedish: mark c
- Danish: mark
→ Proto-Finnic: *markka (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*marka-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 355

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*marka-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 355

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