Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/muljaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Zero-grade ye-present, pre-Germanic *ml̥h₂ye-, from the root of *malaną (“to grind”).[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈmul.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*muljaną

  1. to crush (into pieces), grind

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *muljō *muljaų — *muljai ?
2nd singular *mulisi *muljais *muli *muljasai *muljaisau
3rd singular *muliþi *muljai *muljaþau *muljaþai *muljaiþau
1st dual *muljōs *muljaiw — — —
2nd dual *muljaþiz *muljaiþiz *muljaþiz — —
1st plural *muljamaz *muljaim — *muljanþai *muljainþau
2nd plural *muliþ *muljaiþ *muliþ *muljanþai *muljainþau
3rd plural *muljanþi *muljain *muljanþau *muljanþai *muljainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *mulidǭ *mulidēdį̄
2nd singular *mulidēz *mulidēdīz
3rd singular *mulidē *mulidēdī
1st dual *mulidēdū *mulidēdīw
2nd dual *mulidēdudiz *mulidēdīdiz
1st plural *mulidēdum *mulidēdīm
2nd plural *mulidēdud *mulidēdīd
3rd plural *mulidēdun *mulidēdīn
present past
participles *muljandz *mulidaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *mulljan
    • Old High German: mullen
  • Old Norse: mylja

References

  1. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*muljanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 275
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