Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/malaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *melh₂- (“to beat, crush, grind”). Cognate with Latin molō (“mill, grist, grind”, verb).^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈmɑ.lɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*malaną^[1]^[2]^[3]

to grind

Inflection

Conjugation of (strong class 6)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*malō	*malaų	—	*malai	?
2nd singular	*malizi	*malaiz	*mal	*malazai	*malaizau
3rd singular	*malidi	*malai	*maladau	*maladai	*malaidau
1st dual	*malōz	*malaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*maladiz	*malaidiz	*maladiz	—	—
1st plural	*malamaz	*malaim	—	*malandai	*malaindau
2nd plural	*malid	*malaid	*malid	*malandai	*malaindau
3rd plural	*malandi	*malain	*malandau	*malandai	*malaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*mōl	*mōlį̄
2nd singular	*mōlt	*mōlīz
3rd singular	*mōl	*mōlī
1st dual	*mōlū	*mōlīw
2nd dual	*mōludiz	*mōlīdiz
1st plural	*mōlum	*mōlīm
2nd plural	*mōlud	*mōlīd
3rd plural	*mōlun	*mōlīn

	present	past
participles	*malandz	*malanaz

Related terms

*mellō
*melwą
*muljaną

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *malan
- Old Frisian:
  - West Frisian: mealle
- Old Saxon: malan
  - Middle Low German: malen
    - Low German: mahlen
- Old Dutch: *malan
  - Middle Dutch: mālen
    - Dutch: malen
      - Afrikaans: maal
      - Berbice Creole Dutch: mali
      - Negerhollands: maal
    - Limburgish: male
- Old High German: malan
  - Middle High German: malen, maln
    - Bavarian: måhln, moihn
    - German: mahlen
    - Luxembourgish: muelen
    - Mòcheno: moln
Old Norse: mala
- Icelandic: mala
- Faroese: mala
- Norwegian: male
- Old Swedish: mala
  - Swedish: mala
- Danish: male
Gothic: 𐌼𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽 (malan)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*malan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 351
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*malanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 257
^ Seebold, Elmar (1970) “MAL-A-”, in Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen starken Verben (Janua Linguarum. Series practica; 85) (in German), Paris, Den Haag: Mouton, →ISBN, page 344

[EDPG-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*malan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 351

[2] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*malanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 257

[Seebold-3] Seebold, Elmar (1970) “MAL-A-”, in Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen starken Verben (Janua Linguarum. Series practica; 85) (in German), Paris, Den Haag: Mouton, →ISBN, page 344

[1]

[2]

[3]