Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/nutjōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *nutjō (“profit; yield”) +‎ *-ōną.^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈnut.jɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*nutjōną

to use; make use of; employ

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 2)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*nutjō	*nutjǭ	—	*nutjōi	?
2nd singular	*nutjōsi	*nutjōs	*nutjō	*nutjōsai	*nutjōsau
3rd singular	*nutjōþi	*nutjō	*nutjōþau	*nutjōþai	*nutjōþau
1st dual	*nutjōs	*nutjōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*nutjōþiz	*nutjōþiz	*nutjōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*nutjōmaz	*nutjōm	—	*nutjōnþai	*nutjōnþau
2nd plural	*nutjōþ	*nutjōþ	*nutjōþ	*nutjōnþai	*nutjōnþau
3rd plural	*nutjōnþi	*nutjōn	*nutjōnþau	*nutjōnþai	*nutjōnþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*nutjōdǭ	*nutjōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*nutjōdēz	*nutjōdēdīz
3rd singular	*nutjōdē	*nutjōdēdī
1st dual	*nutjōdēdū	*nutjōdēdīw
2nd dual	*nutjōdēdudiz	*nutjōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*nutjōdēdum	*nutjōdēdīm
2nd plural	*nutjōdēdud	*nutjōdēdīd
3rd plural	*nutjōdēdun	*nutjōdēdīn

	present	past
participles	*nutjōndz	*nutjōdaz

Synonyms

*nutōną

Related terms

*nutjaną

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *nuttjōn
- Old English: nyttian
  - Middle English: nutten, nitten
- (Old Saxon: *nuttiōn?)
  - (Middle Low German: nutten, nütten?)
- Old High German: nuzzōn
  - Middle High German: nutzen, nützen
    - Cimbrian: nützan
    - German: nutzen, nützen
    - Yiddish: ניצן (nitsn)
Old Norse: nytja
- Icelandic: nytja
- (Faroese: nytta)
- Old Swedish: nytia
  - Swedish: nyttja

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*nuti-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 393: “*nutjōjan-”

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*nuti-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 393: “*nutjōjan-”

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