Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rupatjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

*rupitjaną

Etymology

From *rupōną (“to belch”) +‎ *-atjaną.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈru.pɑt.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*rupatjaną^[1]^[2]

to belch

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1 j-present)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*rupatjō	*rupatjaų	—	*rupatjai	?
2nd singular	*rupatisi	*rupatjais	*rupati	*rupatjasai	*rupatjaisau
3rd singular	*rupatiþi	*rupatjai	*rupatjaþau	*rupatjaþai	*rupatjaiþau
1st dual	*rupatjōs	*rupatjaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*rupatjaþiz	*rupatjaiþiz	*rupatjaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*rupatjamaz	*rupatjaim	—	*rupatjanþai	*rupatjainþau
2nd plural	*rupatiþ	*rupatjaiþ	*rupatiþ	*rupatjanþai	*rupatjainþau
3rd plural	*rupatjanþi	*rupatjain	*rupatjanþau	*rupatjanþai	*rupatjainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*rupastǭ	*rupastēdį̄
2nd singular	*rupastēz	*rupastēdīz
3rd singular	*rupastē	*rupastēdī
1st dual	*rupastēdū	*rupastēdīw
2nd dual	*rupastēdudiz	*rupastēdīdiz
1st plural	*rupastēdum	*rupastēdīm
2nd plural	*rupastēdud	*rupastēdīd
3rd plural	*rupastēdun	*rupastēdīn

	present	past
participles	*rupatjandz	*rupatidaz

Related terms

*rapitjaną
- Old Norse: repta
  - Scots: rift
*raupitjaną
- Old Norse: reypta

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *ropattjan
- Old Saxon: *ropettian
  - Middle Low German: ropsen (influenced by Middle High German)
- Old High German: ropfezzen, roffezzen
  - Middle High German: roffezen, rofzen
Old Norse: rypta (< *rupitjaną)
- → Middle English: riften
  - English: rift

References

^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*rupatjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 308-309
^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*rup(p)ōn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 418: “*rupatjan-”

[1] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*rupatjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 308-309

[2] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*rup(p)ōn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 418: “*rupatjan-”

[1]

[2]