Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-atjaną
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *-dyé- (verbal suffix). Cognate with Ancient Greek -άζω (-ázō).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɑt.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*-atjaną
- Creates verbs from nouns and adjectives, similar to -ise.
- Creates intensive verbs from other verbs.
Inflection
Judging from the inflection of this suffix in Gothic 𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽 (kaupastēdun) and 𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌴𐌳𐌹 (kaupastēdi), the past lacked the affix -i- and was therefore inflected like a j-present. The past participle of that same Gothic verb, attested once in the form 𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌰𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌹 (kaupatidai), irregularly deviates from the rest of the past tense forms.
| active voice | passive voice | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive | |
| 1st singular | *-atjō | *-atjaų | — | *-atjai | ? | |
| 2nd singular | *-atisi | *-atjais | *-ati | *-atjasai | *-atjaisau | |
| 3rd singular | *-atiþi | *-atjai | *-atjaþau | *-atjaþai | *-atjaiþau | |
| 1st dual | *-atjōs | *-atjaiw | — | — | — | |
| 2nd dual | *-atjaþiz | *-atjaiþiz | *-atjaþiz | — | — | |
| 1st plural | *-atjamaz | *-atjaim | — | *-atjanþai | *-atjainþau | |
| 2nd plural | *-atiþ | *-atjaiþ | *-atiþ | *-atjanþai | *-atjainþau | |
| 3rd plural | *-atjanþi | *-atjain | *-atjanþau | *-atjanþai | *-atjainþau | |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | ||||
| 1st singular | *-astǭ | *-astēdį̄ | ||||
| 2nd singular | *-astēz | *-astēdīz | ||||
| 3rd singular | *-astē | *-astēdī | ||||
| 1st dual | *-astēdū | *-astēdīw | ||||
| 2nd dual | *-astēdudiz | *-astēdīdiz | ||||
| 1st plural | *-astēdum | *-astēdīm | ||||
| 2nd plural | *-astēdud | *-astēdīd | ||||
| 3rd plural | *-astēdun | *-astēdīn | ||||
| present | past | |||||
| participles | *-atjandz | *-atidaz | ||||
Derived terms
Proto-Germanic terms suffixed with *-atjaną