Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/jaatjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative reconstructions

Etymology

From *ja (“yes”) +‎ *-atjaną.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈjɑ.xɑt.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*jaatjaną[2]

  1. to say ‘yes’, assent (to), consent, confirm, grant

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1 j-present)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *jaatjō *jaatjaų — *jaatjai ?
2nd singular *jaatisi *jaatjais *jaati *jaatjasai *jaatjaisau
3rd singular *jaatiþi *jaatjai *jaatjaþau *jaatjaþai *jaatjaiþau
1st dual *jaatjōs *jaatjaiw — — —
2nd dual *jaatjaþiz *jaatjaiþiz *jaatjaþiz — —
1st plural *jaatjamaz *jaatjaim — *jaatjanþai *jaatjainþau
2nd plural *jaatiþ *jaatjaiþ *jaatiþ *jaatjanþai *jaatjainþau
3rd plural *jaatjanþi *jaatjain *jaatjanþau *jaatjanþai *jaatjainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *jaastǭ *jaastēdį̄
2nd singular *jaastēz *jaastēdīz
3rd singular *jaastē *jaastēdī
1st dual *jaastēdū *jaastēdīw
2nd dual *jaastēdudiz *jaastēdīdiz
1st plural *jaastēdum *jaastēdīm
2nd plural *jaastēdud *jaastēdīd
3rd plural *jaastēdun *jaastēdīn
present past
participles *jaatjandz *jaatidaz

Antonyms

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *jaattjan, *jāttjan
    • Old English: ġēatan
      • Middle English: ȝeaten, ȝaten, yeten
    • Old Frisian: gēta, gāta
      • ⇒? Saterland Frisian: bijeedje
      • ⇒? West Frisian: itigje, ytsje
    • Old Dutch: *jāetten, *jātten, *jāten
      • ⇒? Middle Dutch: jaet (adverb, particle, interjection)
    • Old High German: jāezzen, jāzen
      • Middle High German: jāzen
        • ⇒ Middle High German: bejāzen
        • ⇒ Middle High German: verjāzen, verjāgen
      • ⇒ Old High German: gijāezzen, gijāzen
  • Old Norse: játa, játta

References

  1. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*jētjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 206
  2. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*jehan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 272: “*jahatjan-”
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