Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/saltaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *sh₂ld-, from Proto-Indo-European *seh₂l- with *-d- extension. Cognate with Latin sallō (“to salt”), Old Irish saillid.[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈsɑl.tɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*saltaną

  1. to salt, pickle

Inflection

Conjugation of (strong class 7c)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *saltō *saltaų — *saltai ?
2nd singular *saltizi *saltaiz *salt *saltazai *saltaizau
3rd singular *saltidi *saltai *saltadau *saltadai *saltaidau
1st dual *saltōz *saltaiw — — —
2nd dual *saltadiz *saltaidiz *saltadiz — —
1st plural *saltamaz *saltaim — *saltandai *saltaindau
2nd plural *saltid *saltaid *saltid *saltandai *saltaindau
3rd plural *saltandi *saltain *saltandau *saltandai *saltaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *sezalt *sezaltį̄
2nd singular *sezalst *sezaltīz
3rd singular *sezalt *sezaltī
1st dual *sezaltū *sezaltīw
2nd dual *sezaltudiz *sezaltīdiz
1st plural *sezaltum *sezaltīm
2nd plural *sezaltud *sezaltīd
3rd plural *sezaltun *sezaltīn
present past
participles *saltandz *saltanaz

Descendants

Most descendants preserve this as a weak verb, presumably based on an innovated form *saltijaną or *saltōną, derived from the noun or adjective.

  • Proto-West Germanic: *saltan
    • Old English: sealtan; sealten (ppl)
    • Old Frisian: *salta; *salten (ppl)
      • Saterland Frisian: soalten (adjective)
      • ⇒ Saterland Frisian: soaltje
      • ⇒ West Frisian: sâltsje
    • Old Saxon: *saltan; *gisaltan
    • Old Dutch: *saltan
      • Middle Dutch: souten
        • Dutch: zouten (weak, but with a strong participle)
    • Old High German: salzan
      • Middle High German: salzen
        • German: salzen (weak, but with a strong participle)
        • Luxembourgish: salzen
  • Old Norse: salta
  • Gothic: 𐍃𐌰𐌻𐍄𐌰𐌽 (saltan)

References

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*saltan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 425
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