Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/seuþaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂sewt- (“to move about, roil, seethe”), perhaps a t-extension of *(h)sew- (“to burn”), for which see *swīþaną (“to burn, ache”) for more. Cognate with Proto-Slavic *šutiti (“to joke, jest”), Lithuanian siaũsti (“to play, rage”),^[1] Ancient Greek ἀϋτμή (aütmḗ, “breath, scent”).^[2]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈseu̯.θɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*seuþaną^[1]^[3]

to seethe; boil

Inflection

Conjugation of (strong class 2)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*seuþō	*seuþaų	—	*seuþai	?
2nd singular	*siuþizi	*seuþaiz	*seuþ	*seuþazai	*seuþaizau
3rd singular	*siuþidi	*seuþai	*seuþadau	*seuþadai	*seuþaidau
1st dual	*seuþōz	*seuþaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*seuþadiz	*seuþaidiz	*seuþadiz	—	—
1st plural	*seuþamaz	*seuþaim	—	*seuþandai	*seuþaindau
2nd plural	*siuþid	*seuþaid	*siuþid	*seuþandai	*seuþaindau
3rd plural	*seuþandi	*seuþain	*seuþandau	*seuþandai	*seuþaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*sauþ	*sudį̄
2nd singular	*saust	*sudīz
3rd singular	*sauþ	*sudī
1st dual	*sudū	*sudīw
2nd dual	*sududiz	*sudīdiz
1st plural	*sudum	*sudīm
2nd plural	*sudud	*sudīd
3rd plural	*sudun	*sudīn

	present	past
participles	*seuþandz	*sudanaz

Derived terms

*sudiz

Related terms

*sauþiz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *seuþan
- Old English: sēoþan
  - Middle English: sethen
    - Scots: seth, seith
    - English: seethe
- Old Frisian: siāþa, siātha
  - Saterland Frisian: sjoode
  - West Frisian: sjiedden, siede
- Old Saxon: *siothan
  - Middle Low German: sêden
    - Low German: seden
- Old Dutch: *siethan
  - Middle Dutch: sieden
    - Dutch: zieden
- Old High German: siodan
  - Middle High German: sieden
    - German: sieden
    - Bavarian: siadn
    - Luxembourgish: sueden
Old Norse: sjóða
- Icelandic: sjóða
- Norwegian: syde
- Old Swedish: siūþa
  - Swedish: sjuda
- Old Danish: siuthæ, sythæ
  - Danish: syde

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*seuþan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 435
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἀϋτμή”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 172
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*seuþanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 326

[EDPG-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*seuþan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 435

[2] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἀϋτμή”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 172

[3] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*seuþanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 326

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