Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skūmaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to cover, mask, hide, conceal”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈskuː.mɑz/

Noun

*skūmaz m

Inflection

Declension of *skūmaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*skūmaz	skūmōz, skūmōs
vocative	*skūm	skūmōz, skūmōs
accusative	*skūmą	*skūmanz
genitive	skūmas, skūmis	*skūmǫ̂
dative	*skūmai	*skūmamaz
instrumental	*skūmō	*skūmamiz

Synonyms

*faimaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *skūm
- Old Frisian: *skūm
  - Saterland Frisian: Skuum, Schuum
  - West Frisian: skûm, skom
- Old Saxon: *skūm
  - Middle Low German: schûm
    - German Low German: Schuum
- Old Dutch: *scūm
  - Middle Dutch: schuum
    - Dutch: schuim
      - Afrikaans: skuim
    - → Middle English: scome, scume (partially from Old French escume)
      - Scots: skum, skoom
      - English: scum
- Old High German: skūm, scūm
  - Middle High German: schūm
    - German: Schaum
      - → Esperanto: ŝaŭmo
    - Luxembourgish: Schaum
- → Vulgar Latin: *scūma
  - Old French: escume
    - Middle French: escume, écume
      - French: écume
  - Medieval Latin: scuma, schuma (see there for further descendants)
Old Norse: *skúmr; *skúm
- Icelandic: skúm
- Faroese: skúm
- Norwegian: skum
- Old Swedish: skūm
  - Swedish: skum
- Danish: skum