Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skawwōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewh₁- (“to heed, look, feel, take note of”). Cognate with Latin cavēre (“to beware, heed”).[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈskɑw.wɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*skawwōną

  1. to look, see, watch

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 2)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *skawwō *skawwǭ — *skawwōi ?
2nd singular *skawwōsi *skawwōs *skawwō *skawwōsai *skawwōsau
3rd singular *skawwōþi *skawwō *skawwōþau *skawwōþai *skawwōþau
1st dual *skawwōs *skawwōw — — —
2nd dual *skawwōþiz *skawwōþiz *skawwōþiz — —
1st plural *skawwōmaz *skawwōm — *skawwōnþai *skawwōnþau
2nd plural *skawwōþ *skawwōþ *skawwōþ *skawwōnþai *skawwōnþau
3rd plural *skawwōnþi *skawwōn *skawwōnþau *skawwōnþai *skawwōnþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *skawwōdǭ *skawwōdēdį̄
2nd singular *skawwōdēz *skawwōdēdīz
3rd singular *skawwōdē *skawwōdēdī
1st dual *skawwōdēdū *skawwōdēdīw
2nd dual *skawwōdēdudiz *skawwōdēdīdiz
1st plural *skawwōdēdum *skawwōdēdīm
2nd plural *skawwōdēdud *skawwōdēdīd
3rd plural *skawwōdēdun *skawwōdēdīn
present past
participles *skawwōndz *skawwōdaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *skauwōn
    • Old English: sċēawian
      • Middle English: schawen, schewen, schowen; scheawing, scewing
      • ⇒ Old English: sċēawung
        • Middle English: schawung, shawing, schewinge, schewynge
        • → Old French: escauvinghe, escauwage; scawageour
    • Old Frisian: skāwia, skōwia, skōia
      • Saterland Frisian: skauje
      • West Frisian: skôgje, skoaie, skouje
    • Old Saxon: skouwōn
    • Old Dutch: skouwon, scouwon
    • Old High German: skouwōn, scouwōn
  • ⇒ Old Norse: skygna
  • → Proto-Finnic:

References

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*skawa- (> *skawōjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 442
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