Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skeldaną
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *skeldʰ-,[1] from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁- (“to call, to shout, to sound”) with a s-mobile.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈskel.dɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*skeldaną[1]
- to scold
Conjugation
| active voice | passive voice | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive | |
| 1st singular | *skeldō | *skeldaų | — | *skeldai | ? | |
| 2nd singular | *skildizi | *skeldaiz | *skeld | *skeldazai | *skeldaizau | |
| 3rd singular | *skildidi | *skeldai | *skeldadau | *skeldadai | *skeldaidau | |
| 1st dual | *skeldōz | *skeldaiw | — | — | — | |
| 2nd dual | *skeldadiz | *skeldaidiz | *skeldadiz | — | — | |
| 1st plural | *skeldamaz | *skeldaim | — | *skeldandai | *skeldaindau | |
| 2nd plural | *skildid | *skeldaid | *skildid | *skeldandai | *skeldaindau | |
| 3rd plural | *skeldandi | *skeldain | *skeldandau | *skeldandai | *skeldaindau | |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | ||||
| 1st singular | *skald | *skuldį̄ | ||||
| 2nd singular | *skalst | *skuldīz | ||||
| 3rd singular | *skald | *skuldī | ||||
| 1st dual | *skuldū | *skuldīw | ||||
| 2nd dual | *skuldudiz | *skuldīdiz | ||||
| 1st plural | *skuldum | *skuldīm | ||||
| 2nd plural | *skuldud | *skuldīd | ||||
| 3rd plural | *skuldun | *skuldīn | ||||
| present | past | |||||
| participles | *skeldandz | *skuldanaz | ||||
Derived terms
- *skaldą
Descendants
- Old Frisian: skelda
- Old Saxon: *skeldan (attested in skeldāri)
- Old Dutch: skeldan
- Old High German: skëltan