Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skuldōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *skuldiz (“obligation, debt”) +‎ *-ōną.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈskul.dɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*skuldōną

  1. to owe

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 2)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *skuldō *skuldǭ — *skuldōi ?
2nd singular *skuldōsi *skuldōs *skuldō *skuldōsai *skuldōsau
3rd singular *skuldōþi *skuldō *skuldōþau *skuldōþai *skuldōþau
1st dual *skuldōs *skuldōw — — —
2nd dual *skuldōþiz *skuldōþiz *skuldōþiz — —
1st plural *skuldōmaz *skuldōm — *skuldōnþai *skuldōnþau
2nd plural *skuldōþ *skuldōþ *skuldōþ *skuldōnþai *skuldōnþau
3rd plural *skuldōnþi *skuldōn *skuldōnþau *skuldōnþai *skuldōnþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *skuldōdǭ *skuldōdēdį̄
2nd singular *skuldōdēz *skuldōdēdīz
3rd singular *skuldōdē *skuldōdēdī
1st dual *skuldōdēdū *skuldōdēdīw
2nd dual *skuldōdēdudiz *skuldōdēdīdiz
1st plural *skuldōdēdum *skuldōdēdīm
2nd plural *skuldōdēdud *skuldōdēdīd
3rd plural *skuldōdēdun *skuldōdēdīn
present past
participles *skuldōndz *skuldōdaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *skuldōn
    • Old Saxon: *skuldōn
    • Old High German: skuldōn
  • Old Norse: *skulda
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