Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/slahaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From a Proto-Indo-European *slak- (“to hit, strike, throw”), apparently of onomatopoeic origin. Cognate with Middle Irish slachta (“hit”).^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈslɑ.xɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*slahaną^[1]^[2]^[3]

to hit, to strike
to kill

Inflection

Conjugation of (strong class 6)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*slahō	*slahaų	—	*slahai	?
2nd singular	*slahizi	*slahaiz	*slah	*slahazai	*slahaizau
3rd singular	*slahidi	*slahai	*slahadau	*slahadai	*slahaidau
1st dual	*slahōz	*slahaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*slahadiz	*slahaidiz	*slahadiz	—	—
1st plural	*slahamaz	*slahaim	—	*slahandai	*slahaindau
2nd plural	*slahid	*slahaid	*slahid	*slahandai	*slahaindau
3rd plural	*slahandi	*slahain	*slahandau	*slahandai	*slahaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*slōh	*slōgį̄
2nd singular	*slōht	*slōgīz
3rd singular	*slōh	*slōgī
1st dual	*slōgū	*slōgīw
2nd dual	*slōgudiz	*slōgīdiz
1st plural	*slōgum	*slōgīm
2nd plural	*slōgud	*slōgīd
3rd plural	*slōgun	*slōgīn

	present	past
participles	*slahandz	*slaganaz

Derived terms

*slagilaz
*slagiz
*slagjǭ
*slagą
*slahō
*slahtaz
*slahtrą
*slahtuz, *slahtiz
*slahulaz, *slahalaz
*slōgijaną
*slōgiz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *slahan
- Old English: slēan, sla, slan, slæan — Mercian, sla, slæ — Northumbrian
  - Middle English: sleen, slayn
    - Scots: slay
    - English: slay
- Old Frisian: slā
  - Saterland Frisian: slo
  - West Frisian: slaan
- Old Saxon: slahan
  - Middle Low German: slān
    - Low German: slaan
      German Low German: slaan
- Old Dutch: slān
  - Middle Dutch: slâen
    - Dutch: slaan, slagen
      - Afrikaans: slaan, slaag
    - Limburgish: slaon
- Old High German: slahan
  - Middle High German: slahen, slagen, slân
    - Alemannic German: schlaa
    - Central Franconian: schlon
    - German: schlagen
    - Hunsrik: schlaan
    - Luxembourgish: schloen
Proto-Norse: ᛊᛚᚨᚷᛁᚾᚨᛉ (slaginaʀ) (past participle)
- Old Norse: slá
  - Icelandic: slá
  - Faroese: sláa, slá
  - Norwegian: slå
  - Old Swedish: slā
    - Swedish: slå
  - Danish: slå
  - Old Gutnish: sla
Gothic: 𐍃𐌻𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌽 (slahan)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*slahan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 452
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*slaxanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 348
^ Seebold, Elmar (1970) “SLAH-A-”, in Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen starken Verben (Janua Linguarum. Series practica; 85) (in German), Paris, Den Haag: Mouton, →ISBN, page 425

[EDPG-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*slahan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 452

[2] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*slaxanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 348

[3] Seebold, Elmar (1970) “SLAH-A-”, in Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen starken Verben (Janua Linguarum. Series practica; 85) (in German), Paris, Den Haag: Mouton, →ISBN, page 425

[1]

[2]

[3]