Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/slaiwaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Uncertain. Expected to reflect either pre-Germanic *sloy(H)-wo-s or *slo/aH-i-wo-s. Kroonen prefers the former, tentatively comparing Sanskrit स्रीव्यति (srī́vyati, “to turn out badly, fail”) for Proto-Indo-European *sliH-u-.^[1] For the latter, compare Ancient Greek λαιός (laiós, “left (side); awkward”), Latin laevus, Proto-Slavic *lěvъ (“left”) (originally meaning *“askew”?), but the semantic connection is weak. Kroonen rejects this along with any relation to Ancient Greek λίαρος (líaros, “mild”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈslɑi̯.wɑz/

Adjective

*slaiwaz^[2]^[1]

Inflection

Declension of *slaiwaz (a-stem)
Strong declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*slaiwaz	*slaiwō	*slaiwą, -atō	*slaiwai	*slaiwôz	*slaiwō
accusative	*slaiwanǭ	*slaiwǭ	*slaiwą, -atō	*slaiwanz	*slaiwōz	*slaiwō
genitive	*slaiwas, -is	*slaiwaizōz	*slaiwas, -is	*slaiwaizǫ̂	*slaiwaizǫ̂	*slaiwaizǫ̂
dative	*slaiwammai	*slaiwaizōi	*slaiwammai	*slaiwaimaz	*slaiwaimaz	*slaiwaimaz
instrumental	*slaiwanō	*slaiwaizō	*slaiwanō	*slaiwaimiz	*slaiwaimiz	*slaiwaimiz

Weak declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*slaiwô	*slaiwǭ	*slaiwô	*slaiwaniz	*slaiwōniz	*slaiwōnō
accusative	*slaiwanų	*slaiwōnų	*slaiwô	*slaiwanunz	*slaiwōnunz	*slaiwōnō
genitive	*slaiwiniz	*slaiwōniz	*slaiwiniz	*slaiwanǫ̂	*slaiwōnǫ̂	*slaiwanǫ̂
dative	*slaiwini	*slaiwōni	*slaiwini	*slaiwammaz	*slaiwōmaz	*slaiwammaz
instrumental	*slaiwinē	*slaiwōnē	*slaiwinē	*slaiwammiz	*slaiwōmiz	*slaiwammiz

Derived terms

*slaiwijaną
*slaiwiþō
*slaiwōną

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *slaiw
- Old English: slāw, slǣw, slēaw
  - Middle English: slaw, slow
    - English: slow
    - Geordie English: slaw
    - Scots: slaw
- Old Frisian: *slāw, *slāu
  - Saterland Frisian: släi
  - West Frisian: sleau
- Old Saxon: *slēw, slēu
  - Middle Low German: sleu, slē
    - Dutch Low Saxon: slee
    - Westphalian:
      Westmünsterländisch: schlee
- Old Dutch: *slēw
  - Middle Dutch: sleew, sleeu, slee
    - Dutch: sleeuw, slee
- Old High German: slēo
  - Middle High German: slē
    - German: schlehe, schleh; schlēch, schlö (“dull, blunt”) (dialectal)
    - Swabian: schlēw
Old Norse: sljór, sljár, slær
- Icelandic: sljór, sljár, slær
- Norwegian Nynorsk: sljo, slø
- Old Swedish: sliōr
  - Swedish: slö
- Old Danish: sliø̄
  - Danish: sløv (influenced by sløv, from Old Norse slǿgr)
    - Norwegian Bokmål: sløv

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*slaiwa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 452
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*slaiwaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 349

[EDPG-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*slaiwa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 452

[HGE-2] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*slaiwaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 349

[1]

[2]