Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sleutaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative reconstructions

*slūtaną

Etymology

Of uncertain origin.

Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *(s)klewd- (“to lock”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kleh₂w- (“nail, hook, pin, key”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kel- (“to crook, bend”), and compared with Latin clāvis (“key, bar, bolt”), Latin claudō (“close”), Lithuanian kliudyti (“to hamper, obstruct”), Old Irish cló (“nail”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Kroonen, however, considers the word restricted to Germanic, and leaves its origin open,^[1] while Orel tentatively connects the word to *lūtaną (“to bow down”).^[2]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈsleu̯.tɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*sleutaną^[1]^[2]

to bolt, lock
to shut, close

Inflection

Conjugation of (strong class 2)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*sleutō	*sleutaų	—	*sleutai	?
2nd singular	*sliutizi	*sleutaiz	*sleut	*sleutazai	*sleutaizau
3rd singular	*sliutidi	*sleutai	*sleutadau	*sleutadai	*sleutaidau
1st dual	*sleutōz	*sleutaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*sleutadiz	*sleutaidiz	*sleutadiz	—	—
1st plural	*sleutamaz	*sleutaim	—	*sleutandai	*sleutaindau
2nd plural	*sliutid	*sleutaid	*sliutid	*sleutandai	*sleutaindau
3rd plural	*sleutandi	*sleutain	*sleutandau	*sleutandai	*sleutaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*slaut	*slutį̄
2nd singular	*slaust	*slutīz
3rd singular	*slaut	*slutī
1st dual	*slutū	*slutīw
2nd dual	*slutudiz	*slutīdiz
1st plural	*slutum	*slutīm
2nd plural	*slutud	*slutīd
3rd plural	*slutun	*slutīn

	present	past
participles	*sleutandz	*slutanaz

Related terms

*slutą

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *sleutan
- Old Frisian: slūta
  - Saterland Frisian: sluute, slute
  - West Frisian: slute
- Old Saxon: *slūtan (in combination)
  - Middle Low German: slûten
    - German Low German: sluten, slüten
    - → Danish: slutte
      - Norwegian Bokmål: slutte
    - → Swedish: sluta
    - → Norwegian Nynorsk: slutte, slutta
- Old Dutch: *slūtan
  - Middle Dutch: sluten
    - Dutch: sluiten
      - Afrikaans: sluit
      - Berbice Creole Dutch: slokti
      - → Saramaccan: sòotó
    - Limburgish: sloete
- Old High German: sliozan
  - Middle High German: sliezen
    - German: schließen
    - Luxembourgish: schléissen
    - Yiddish: שליסן (shlisn)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*sleutan- ~ *slūtan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 454
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*sleutanan ~ *slūtanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 350

[EDPG-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*sleutan- ~ *slūtan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 454

[HGE-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*sleutanan ~ *slūtanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 350

[1]

[2]