Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/spannaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Originally a strong verb of the seventh class, the long -n- comes from an earlier form *spanwaną-. Perhaps ultimately an ablautive form from the same source as *spinnaną (“to spin”),[1] though Kroonen alternatively derives the verb from a Proto-Indo-European *spend- (“to stretch”), comparing Lithuanian spę́sti (“to snare”), Latvian spanda (“strap”), Old Church Slavonic спѫдъ (spǫdŭ, “corn-measure, measure, peck”).[2]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈspɑn.nɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*spannaną[2]

  1. to stretch, span

Inflection

Conjugation of (strong class 7c)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *spannō *spannaų — *spannai ?
2nd singular *spannizi *spannaiz *spann *spannazai *spannaizau
3rd singular *spannidi *spannai *spannadau *spannadai *spannaidau
1st dual *spannōz *spannaiw — — —
2nd dual *spannadiz *spannaidiz *spannadiz — —
1st plural *spannamaz *spannaim — *spannandai *spannaindau
2nd plural *spannid *spannaid *spannid *spannandai *spannaindau
3rd plural *spannandi *spannain *spannandau *spannandai *spannaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *spespann *spespannį̄
2nd singular *spespannt *spespannīz
3rd singular *spespann *spespannī
1st dual *spespannū *spespannīw
2nd dual *spespannudiz *spespannīdiz
1st plural *spespannum *spespannīm
2nd plural *spespannud *spespannīd
3rd plural *spespannun *spespannīn
present past
participles *spannandz *spannanaz

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Old English: spannan
  • Old Frisian: spanna, sponna
  • Old Saxon: spannan
  • Old Dutch: *spannan
  • Old High German: spannan

References

  1. ^ van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “spannen1”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*spannan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 465
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