Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/spinnaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)pénh₁-ne-, from *(s)penh₁- (“to spin thread, plait, weave, sew; to stretch”). Cognate with Proto-Balto-Slavic *pínˀtei (“to stretch”), and Old Armenian հենում (henum, “to weave, sew together”). Potentially a doublet of *spannaną (“to stretch, tighten, fasten”) and/or *fanô (“cloth”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈspin.nɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*spinnaną^[1]^[2]

to spin

Inflection

Conjugation of (strong class 3)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*spinnō	*spinnaų	—	*spinnai	?
2nd singular	*spinnizi	*spinnaiz	*spinn	*spinnazai	*spinnaizau
3rd singular	*spinnidi	*spinnai	*spinnadau	*spinnadai	*spinnaidau
1st dual	*spinnōz	*spinnaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*spinnadiz	*spinnaidiz	*spinnadiz	—	—
1st plural	*spinnamaz	*spinnaim	—	*spinnandai	*spinnaindau
2nd plural	*spinnid	*spinnaid	*spinnid	*spinnandai	*spinnaindau
3rd plural	*spinnandi	*spinnain	*spinnandau	*spinnandai	*spinnaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*spann	*spunnį̄
2nd singular	*spannt	*spunnīz
3rd singular	*spann	*spunnī
1st dual	*spunnū	*spunnīw
2nd dual	*spunnudiz	*spunnīdiz
1st plural	*spunnum	*spunnīm
2nd plural	*spunnud	*spunnīd
3rd plural	*spunnun	*spunnīn

	present	past
participles	*spinnandz	*spunnanaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *spinnan
- Old English: spinnan
  - Middle English: spinnen, spynnen, spynne, spinne, spynen, spenen, spynnyn, spyn
    - English: spin
    - Scots: spin
- Old Frisian: spinna
  - Saterland Frisian: spinne
  - West Frisian: spinne
- Old Saxon: *spinnan
  - Middle Low German: spinnen
    - German Low German: spinnen
- Old Dutch: *spinnan
  - Middle Dutch: spinnen
    - Dutch: spinnen
    - Limburgish: spinne
- Old High German: spinnan
  - Middle High German: spinnen
    - German: spinnen
    - Luxembourgish: spannen
    - Yiddish: שפּינען (shpinen)
Old Norse: spinna
- Icelandic: spinna
- Faroese: spinna
- Norwegian: spinne
- Old Swedish: spinna
  - Swedish: spinna
- Danish: spinde
Gothic: 𐍃𐍀𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 (spinnan)

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*spinnan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 467
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*spennanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 364

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*spinnan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 467

[2] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*spennanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 364

[1]

[2]