Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stōjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *stoh₂éyeti (“to cause to stand”) or from *stōō (“a place, location, stowage”) +‎ *-janą.[1][2]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈstɔː.wi.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*stōjaną

  1. to stow
  2. to dam

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *stōjō *stōjaų — *stōjai ?
2nd singular *stōisi *stōjais *stōi *stōjasai *stōjaisau
3rd singular *stōiþi *stōjai *stōjaþau *stōjaþai *stōjaiþau
1st dual *stōjōs *stōjaiw — — —
2nd dual *stōjaþiz *stōjaiþiz *stōjaþiz — —
1st plural *stōjamaz *stōjaim — *stōjanþai *stōjainþau
2nd plural *stōiþ *stōjaiþ *stōiþ *stōjanþai *stōjainþau
3rd plural *stōjanþi *stōjain *stōjanþau *stōjanþai *stōjainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *stōidǭ *stōidēdį̄
2nd singular *stōidēz *stōidēdīz
3rd singular *stōidē *stōidēdī
1st dual *stōidēdū *stōidēdīw
2nd dual *stōidēdudiz *stōidēdīdiz
1st plural *stōidēdum *stōidēdīm
2nd plural *stōidēdud *stōidēdīd
3rd plural *stōidēdun *stōidēdīn
present past
participles *stōjandz *stōidaz

Alternative reconstructions

  • *stōijaną, *stōwijaną[2]

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *stōjan
    • Old Saxon: *stōwian
      • Middle Low German: stôwen, stouwen, stö̂uwen, stawen, steuwen, stûwen
    • Old Dutch: *stōwen
      • Middle Dutch: stôwen, stouwen
    • Old High German: stouwen
      • Middle High German: stouwen, stöuwen, stouen, stöuen, stoun
  • Gothic: 𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌾𐌰𐌽 (stōjan, “to judge”)

References

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*stōō-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 481-2: “*stōjan-”
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*stōwjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 379
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