Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stankwijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *stinkwaną (to hit, to clash, to stink) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈstaŋʷ.kʷi.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*stankwijaną[1]

  1. to cause to stumble or hit against
  2. to cause to spring forth, to scatter
  3. to make stink

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *stankwijō *stankwijaų *stankwijai ?
2nd singular *stankwīsi *stankwijais *stankwī *stankwijasai *stankwijaisau
3rd singular *stankwīþi *stankwijai *stankwijaþau *stankwijaþai *stankwijaiþau
1st dual *stankwijōs *stankwijaiw
2nd dual *stankwijaþiz *stankwijaiþiz *stankwijaþiz
1st plural *stankwijamaz *stankwijaim *stankwijanþai *stankwijainþau
2nd plural *stankwīþ *stankwijaiþ *stankwīþ *stankwijanþai *stankwijainþau
3rd plural *stankwijanþi *stankwijain *stankwijanþau *stankwijanþai *stankwijainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *stankwidǭ *stankwidēdį̄
2nd singular *stankwidēz *stankwidēdīz
3rd singular *stankwidē *stankwidēdī
1st dual *stankwidēdū *stankwidēdīw
2nd dual *stankwidēdudiz *stankwidēdīdiz
1st plural *stankwidēdum *stankwidēdīm
2nd plural *stankwidēdud *stankwidēdīd
3rd plural *stankwidēdun *stankwidēdīn
present past
participles *stankwijandz *stankwidaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *stankwijan
    • Old English: stenċan
    • Old Saxon: *stenkian
      • Middle Low German: stenken
    • Old High German: stenken
      • Middle High German: stenken
  • Old Norse: stǫkkva
  • Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌲𐌵𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gastagqjan)

References

  1. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*stankwjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 371