Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sterkaną
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
A lost strong verb, attested only in its past participle, related to *starkuz (“stiff, strong”).[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈster.kɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*sterkaną
Inflection
| active voice | passive voice | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive | |
| 1st singular | *sterkō | *sterkaų | — | *sterkai | ? | |
| 2nd singular | *stirkizi | *sterkaiz | *sterk | *sterkazai | *sterkaizau | |
| 3rd singular | *stirkidi | *sterkai | *sterkadau | *sterkadai | *sterkaidau | |
| 1st dual | *sterkōz | *sterkaiw | — | — | — | |
| 2nd dual | *sterkadiz | *sterkaidiz | *sterkadiz | — | — | |
| 1st plural | *sterkamaz | *sterkaim | — | *sterkandai | *sterkaindau | |
| 2nd plural | *stirkid | *sterkaid | *stirkid | *sterkandai | *sterkaindau | |
| 3rd plural | *sterkandi | *sterkain | *sterkandau | *sterkandai | *sterkaindau | |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | ||||
| 1st singular | *stark | *sturkį̄ | ||||
| 2nd singular | *starht | *sturkīz | ||||
| 3rd singular | *stark | *sturkī | ||||
| 1st dual | *sturkū | *sturkīw | ||||
| 2nd dual | *sturkudiz | *sturkīdiz | ||||
| 1st plural | *sturkum | *sturkīm | ||||
| 2nd plural | *sturkud | *sturkīd | ||||
| 3rd plural | *sturkun | *sturkīn | ||||
| present | past | |||||
| participles | *sterkandz | *sturkanaz | ||||
Derived terms
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *sterkan
- Old High German: *sterkan
- ⇒ Old High German: gistorkan (“reinforced”, past participle)
- Old High German: *sterkan
- ⇒ Old Norse: *storkinn (past participle)
- ⇒ Old Norse: blōðstorkinn (“of stiff blood”)
References
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*sturki-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 488: “*sterkan-”