Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/strawjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *strow-éye-ti, a causative from the root *strew- (“to spread, strew”).^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈstrɑw.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*strawjaną^[1]

to strew

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*strawjō	*strawjaų	—	*strawjai	?
2nd singular	*strawisi	*strawjais	*strawi	*strawjasai	*strawjaisau
3rd singular	*strawiþi	*strawjai	*strawjaþau	*strawjaþai	*strawjaiþau
1st dual	*strawjōs	*strawjaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*strawjaþiz	*strawjaiþiz	*strawjaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*strawjamaz	*strawjaim	—	*strawjanþai	*strawjainþau
2nd plural	*strawiþ	*strawjaiþ	*strawiþ	*strawjanþai	*strawjainþau
3rd plural	*strawjanþi	*strawjain	*strawjanþau	*strawjanþai	*strawjainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*strawidǭ	*strawidēdį̄
2nd singular	*strawidēz	*strawidēdīz
3rd singular	*strawidē	*strawidēdī
1st dual	*strawidēdū	*strawidēdīw
2nd dual	*strawidēdudiz	*strawidēdīdiz
1st plural	*strawidēdum	*strawidēdīm
2nd plural	*strawidēdud	*strawidēdīd
3rd plural	*strawidēdun	*strawidēdīn

	present	past
participles	*strawjandz	*strawidaz

Derived terms

*strawīniz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *strauwjan
- Old English: strēġan — Anglian^[2]
- Old English: strēawian, strēowian, strēwian — shifted to weak class II conjugation^[3]
  - Middle English: strewen, streuen
    - English: strew, strow, straw (dialectal)
    - Scots: straw
- Old Frisian: strēwa
  - North Frisian: strijen
  - West Frisian: streauwe
- Old Saxon: streuwian, strōian
  - Middle Low German: strōen, strōuwen
- Old Dutch: *strōien
  - Middle Dutch: strôyen
    - Dutch: strooien, strouwen
      - Afrikaans: strooi
      - Negerhollands: strui, strooj
      - → Papiamentu: stroi, strooi
      - → West Frisian: struie
    - Limburgish: struie
- Old High German: strewen, strouwen
  - Middle High German: streuwen, ströuwen, strouwen
    - Alemannic German: streuwe
    - Central Franconian: streue, streie, strähe, straaie
      - Luxembourgish: streeën
    - German: streuen
Old Norse: strá, *streyja
- Icelandic: strá
- Faroese: stroyggja
- Norwegian Nynorsk: strå, strøya, strø
- Old Swedish: strø̄ia, strø̄
  - Swedish: strö
- Old Danish: strø̄
  - Danish: strø
    - Norwegian Bokmål: strø
- Elfdalian: sträa
- Gutnish: stråie
Gothic: 𐍃𐍄𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌰𐌽 (straujan)
→ Proto-Finnic: *raivat'ak (see there for further descendants)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*straujan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 483
^ Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 246: “PGmc *strawjaną ‘to spread out’ (Goth. straujan) > PWGmc *strawʲwʲan (OHG gistrouwen ‘to bestrew’) > *straujan > *strēająn > Angl. strēġan ‘to strew’ (Sea 97)”
^ Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 259: “A WS class II weak verb streowian is well attested and must reflect remodelling of the inherited class I verb.”

[EDPG-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*straujan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 483

[2] Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 246: “PGmc *strawjaną ‘to spread out’ (Goth. straujan) > PWGmc *strawʲwʲan (OHG gistrouwen ‘to bestrew’) > *straujan > *strēająn > Angl. strēġan ‘to strew’ (Sea 97)”

[3] Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 259: “A WS class II weak verb streowian is well attested and must reflect remodelling of the inherited class I verb.”

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