Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/tradjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *trudaną (“to tread”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈtrɑð.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*tradjaną[1]

  1. to tread, trample

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *tradjō *tradjaų — *tradjai ?
2nd singular *tradisi *tradjais *tradi *tradjasai *tradjaisau
3rd singular *tradiþi *tradjai *tradjaþau *tradjaþai *tradjaiþau
1st dual *tradjōs *tradjaiw — — —
2nd dual *tradjaþiz *tradjaiþiz *tradjaþiz — —
1st plural *tradjamaz *tradjaim — *tradjanþai *tradjainþau
2nd plural *tradiþ *tradjaiþ *tradiþ *tradjanþai *tradjainþau
3rd plural *tradjanþi *tradjain *tradjanþau *tradjanþai *tradjainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *tradidǭ *tradidēdį̄
2nd singular *tradidēz *tradidēdīz
3rd singular *tradidē *tradidēdī
1st dual *tradidēdū *tradidēdīw
2nd dual *tradidēdudiz *tradidēdīdiz
1st plural *tradidēdum *tradidēdīm
2nd plural *tradidēdud *tradidēdīd
3rd plural *tradidēdun *tradidēdīn
present past
participles *tradjandz *tradidaz
  • *trēdō

Descendants

Note: West Germanic descendants eventually merged this term with descendants of Proto-Germanic *tradjōną.

  • Proto-West Germanic: *traddjan
    • Old English: treddan
      • Middle English: tredden
    • Old Saxon: *treddian
      • Middle Low German: tredden
    • Old Dutch: *tredden
      • Middle Dutch: tredden
    • Old High German: tretten
  • Old Norse: treðja

References

  1. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*tradjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 408
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