Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/triwwiþō

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *triwwiz +‎ *-iþō.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈtriw.wi.θɔː/

Noun

*triwwiþō f

promise, contract

Inflection

Declension of *triwwiþō (ō-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*triwwiþō	*triwwiþôz
vocative	*triwwiþō	*triwwiþôz
accusative	*triwwiþǭ	*triwwiþōz
genitive	*triwwiþōz	*triwwiþǫ̂
dative	*triwwiþōi	*triwwiþōmaz
instrumental	*triwwiþō	*triwwiþōmiz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *triuwiþu
- Old English: trīewþ, trēowþ
  - Middle English: trouthe, treowthe, treuwethe, treouthe, trewthe, treuthe, trothe
    - Scots: trowth, treuth
    - English: troth, truth
  - ⇒ Old English: ġetrēowþ
    - ⇒ Old English: unġetrēowþ
  - ⇒ Old English: untrēowþ
    - Middle English: untreuth
      - English: untruth
- Old High German: *triuwida, *trūida
  - ⇒ Old High German: gatriuwida, gitriuwida
    - Middle High German: getriuwede
    - ⇒ Old High German: ungitriuwida
  - ⇒ Old High German: missitriuwida
    - Middle High German: missetriuwede
  - ⇒ Old High German: urtriuwida, urtrūida
  - ⇒ Old High German: zurtriuwida
Proto-Norse: *ᛏᚱᛁᚢᚷᚹᛁᚦᚢ (*triugwiþu /⁠triuggwiþu⁠/)
- Old Norse: tryggð, trygð
  - Icelandic: tryggð
  - Faroese: trygd
  - Norwegian Nynorsk: trygd; (dialectal) trøgd
    - → Norwegian Bokmål: trygd (“social security”)
  - Old Swedish: trygþ
    - Swedish: trygd
  - Old Danish: trygd
    - Danish: trygd (reborrowed in modern times from Old Danish or another Nordic language)
      - Norwegian Bokmål: trygd