Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/truttōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *dr̥tnéh₂-, a zero-grade iterative to *trudaną (“to tread”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈtrut.tɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*truttōną.[1]

  1. to tread, trample, trot

Inflection

The original paradigm consisted of two stem variants, singular *trutt- against non-singular *trud-.

Conjugation of (weak class 2)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *truttō *truttǭ — *truttōi ?
2nd singular *truttōsi *truttōs *truttō *truttōsai *truttōsau
3rd singular *truttōþi *truttō *truttōþau *truttōþai *truttōþau
1st dual *truttōs *truttōw — — —
2nd dual *truttōþiz *truttōþiz *truttōþiz — —
1st plural *truttōmaz *truttōm — *truttōnþai *truttōnþau
2nd plural *truttōþ *truttōþ *truttōþ *truttōnþai *truttōnþau
3rd plural *truttōnþi *truttōn *truttōnþau *truttōnþai *truttōnþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *truttōdǭ *truttōdēdį̄
2nd singular *truttōdēz *truttōdēdīz
3rd singular *truttōdē *truttōdēdī
1st dual *truttōdēdū *truttōdēdīw
2nd dual *truttōdēdudiz *truttōdēdīdiz
1st plural *truttōdēdum *truttōdēdīm
2nd plural *truttōdēdud *truttōdēdīd
3rd plural *truttōdēdun *truttōdēdīn
present past
participles *truttōndz *truttōdaz

Descendants

West germanic has two further variants one continuing the zero-grade vowel from *tredaną and the other from *trudaną

  • Proto-West Germanic: *trottōn
    • Old English: tryddian (with unexpected umlaut)
    • Old Frisian: trottia
      • West Frisian: troaie
    • Old Dutch: *trotton, *troton
    • Old High German: trotōn
    • → Medieval Latin: *trottō, *trotō
  • ⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *trettōn
    • Old English: treddian
    • Old Frisian: *treddia
    • Old Saxon: *treddōn
      • Middle Low German: tredden, trēden
    • Old Dutch: *treddon, *tretton
    • Old High German: trettōn
  • Old Norse: *troða
    • Elfdalian: troðå

References

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*trett/don- - *trutt/don-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 522
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