Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/turnaną
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *dr̥-nh₂-tór, middle voice of neh₂-present Proto-Indo-European *dr̥-néh₂-ti,[1] from *der- (“to tear apart, shatter”), whence also *teraną (“to tear”). Cognate with Sanskrit दृणाति (dṛṇā́ti, “to tear”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈtur.nɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
Inflection
| active voice | passive voice | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive | |
| 1st singular | *turnō | *turnaų | — | — | — | |
| 2nd singular | *turnōsi | *turnais | *turnō | — | — | |
| 3rd singular | *turnōþi | *turnai | *turnōþau | — | — | |
| 1st dual | *turnōs | *turnaiw | — | — | — | |
| 2nd dual | *turnaþiz | *turnaiþiz | *turnaþiz | — | — | |
| 1st plural | *turnamaz | *turnaim | — | — | — | |
| 2nd plural | *turnaþ | *turnaiþ | *turnaþ | — | — | |
| 3rd plural | *turnanþi | *turnain | *turnanþau | — | — | |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | ||||
| 1st singular | *turnōdǭ | *turnōdēdį̄ | ||||
| 2nd singular | *turnōdēz | *turnōdēdīz | ||||
| 3rd singular | *turnōdē | *turnōdēdī | ||||
| 1st dual | *turnōdēdū | *turnōdēdīw | ||||
| 2nd dual | *turnōdēdudiz | *turnōdēdīdiz | ||||
| 1st plural | *turnōdēdum | *turnōdēdīm | ||||
| 2nd plural | *turnōdēdud | *turnōdēdīd | ||||
| 3rd plural | *turnōdēdun | *turnōdēdīn | ||||
| present | past | |||||
| participles | *turnandz | — | ||||
Kroonen reconstructs a zero-grade strong verb similar to *spurnaną.[1]
| active voice | passive voice | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive | |
| 1st singular | *turnō | *turnaų | — | *turnai | ? | |
| 2nd singular | *turnizi | *turnaiz | *turn | *turnazai | *turnaizau | |
| 3rd singular | *turnidi | *turnai | *turnadau | *turnadai | *turnaidau | |
| 1st dual | *turnōz | *turnaiw | — | — | — | |
| 2nd dual | *turnadiz | *turnaidiz | *turnadiz | — | — | |
| 1st plural | *turnamaz | *turnaim | — | *turnandai | *turnaindau | |
| 2nd plural | *turnid | *turnaid | *turnid | *turnandai | *turnaindau | |
| 3rd plural | *turnandi | *turnain | *turnandau | *turnandai | *turnaindau | |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | ||||
| 1st singular | *tarn | *turnį̄ | ||||
| 2nd singular | *tarnt | *turnīz | ||||
| 3rd singular | *tarn | *turnī | ||||
| 1st dual | *turnū | *turnīw | ||||
| 2nd dual | *turnudiz | *turnīdiz | ||||
| 1st plural | *turnum | *turnīm | ||||
| 2nd plural | *turnud | *turnīd | ||||
| 3rd plural | *turnun | *turnīn | ||||
| present | past | |||||
| participles | *turnandz | *turnanaz | ||||
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *tornōn
- Old Dutch: *tornon
- Middle Dutch: tornen (conflated with the descendant of *trannijaną)
- Dutch: tornen
- Middle Dutch: tornen (conflated with the descendant of *trannijaną)
- Old Dutch: *tornon
- Gothic: *𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌰𐌽 (*taurnan)
- ⇒ Gothic: 𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌰𐌽 (aftaurnan)
- ⇒ Gothic: 𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌰𐌽 (distaurnan)
- ⇒ Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌰𐌽 (gataurnan)
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*turnan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 527
- ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*turnōjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 413