Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/uberlīþaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *uber- +‎ *līþaną.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˌu.βerˈliː.θɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*uberlīþaną

to go across, go over

Inflection

Conjugation of (strong class 1)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*uberlīþō	*uberlīþaų	—	*uberlīþai	?
2nd singular	*ubirlīþizi	*uberlīþaiz	*uberlīþ	*uberlīþazai	*uberlīþaizau
3rd singular	*ubirlīþidi	*uberlīþai	*uberlīþadau	*uberlīþadai	*uberlīþaidau
1st dual	*uberlīþōz	*uberlīþaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*uberlīþadiz	*uberlīþaidiz	*uberlīþadiz	—	—
1st plural	*uberlīþamaz	*uberlīþaim	—	*uberlīþandai	*uberlīþaindau
2nd plural	*ubirlīþid	*uberlīþaid	*ubirlīþid	*uberlīþandai	*uberlīþaindau
3rd plural	*uberlīþandi	*uberlīþain	*uberlīþandau	*uberlīþandai	*uberlīþaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*uberlaiþ	*uberlidį̄
2nd singular	*uberlaist	*uberlidīz
3rd singular	*uberlaiþ	*uberlidī
1st dual	*uberlidū	*uberlidīw
2nd dual	*uberlidudiz	*uberlidīdiz
1st plural	*uberlidum	*uberlidīm
2nd plural	*uberlidud	*uberlidīd
3rd plural	*uberlidun	*uberlidīn

	present	past
participles	*uberlīþandz	*uberlidanaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *obarlīþan, *ubirlīþan
- Old English: oferlīþan
- Old Saxon: *ovarlīþan
  - Middle Low German: ȫverlīden, ōverlīden
- Old Dutch: overlīthan
  - Middle Dutch: overliden
    - Dutch: overlijden
      - Afrikaans: oorly
- Old High German: *ubarlīdan
  - Middle High German: überlīden
    - German: überleiden (obsolete)
Gothic: 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽 (ufarleiþan)