Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wēpnijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *wēpną (weapon) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

IPA(key): /ˈwɛːp.ni.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*wēpnijaną

  1. to arm, take up weapons
  2. to provide with weapons

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *wēpnijō *wēpnijaų *wēpnijai ?
2nd singular *wēpnīsi *wēpnijais *wēpnī *wēpnijasai *wēpnijaisau
3rd singular *wēpnīþi *wēpnijai *wēpnijaþau *wēpnijaþai *wēpnijaiþau
1st dual *wēpnijōs *wēpnijaiw
2nd dual *wēpnijaþiz *wēpnijaiþiz *wēpnijaþiz
1st plural *wēpnijamaz *wēpnijaim *wēpnijanþai *wēpnijainþau
2nd plural *wēpnīþ *wēpnijaiþ *wēpnīþ *wēpnijanþai *wēpnijainþau
3rd plural *wēpnijanþi *wēpnijain *wēpnijanþau *wēpnijanþai *wēpnijainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *wēpnidǭ *wēpnidēdį̄
2nd singular *wēpnidēz *wēpnidēdīz
3rd singular *wēpnidē *wēpnidēdī
1st dual *wēpnidēdū *wēpnidēdīw
2nd dual *wēpnidēdudiz *wēpnidēdīdiz
1st plural *wēpnidēdum *wēpnidēdīm
2nd plural *wēpnidēdud *wēpnidēdīd
3rd plural *wēpnidēdun *wēpnidēdīn
present past
participles *wēpnijandz *wēpnidaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *wāpnijan
    • Old Saxon: *wāpanian
      • Middle Low German: wēpenen
    • Old Dutch: *wāpanen (could be from *wēpnōną instead)
    • Old High German: wāfanen
      • Middle High German: wæfenen, weffenen
  • Old Norse: væpna