Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wardijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *wortéye- (to turn). Originally the causative of *werþaną (to become), although it was probably no longer recognised as such by Germanic times.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈwɑr.ði.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*wardijaną

  1. to destroy, ruin

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *wardijō *wardijaų *wardijai ?
2nd singular *wardīsi *wardijais *wardī *wardijasai *wardijaisau
3rd singular *wardīþi *wardijai *wardijaþau *wardijaþai *wardijaiþau
1st dual *wardijōs *wardijaiw
2nd dual *wardijaþiz *wardijaiþiz *wardijaþiz
1st plural *wardijamaz *wardijaim *wardijanþai *wardijainþau
2nd plural *wardīþ *wardijaiþ *wardīþ *wardijanþai *wardijainþau
3rd plural *wardijanþi *wardijain *wardijanþau *wardijanþai *wardijainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *wardidǭ *wardidēdį̄
2nd singular *wardidēz *wardidēdīz
3rd singular *wardidē *wardidēdī
1st dual *wardidēdū *wardidēdīw
2nd dual *wardidēdudiz *wardidēdīdiz
1st plural *wardidēdum *wardidēdīm
2nd plural *wardidēdud *wardidēdīd
3rd plural *wardidēdun *wardidēdīn
present past
participles *wardijandz *wardidaz

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *wardijan
    • Old English: wierdan, wyrdan, wirdan
      • Middle English: werden, weorden
    • Old Frisian: werda
    • Old High German: werten
  • Gothic: *𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*wardjan)