Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/warnōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to become aware; take heed”). Equivalent to *warnō (“warning”) +‎ *-ōną.[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈwɑr.nɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*warnōną

  1. to be careful
  2. to warn

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 2)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *warnō *warnǭ — *warnōi ?
2nd singular *warnōsi *warnōs *warnō *warnōsai *warnōsau
3rd singular *warnōþi *warnō *warnōþau *warnōþai *warnōþau
1st dual *warnōs *warnōw — — —
2nd dual *warnōþiz *warnōþiz *warnōþiz — —
1st plural *warnōmaz *warnōm — *warnōnþai *warnōnþau
2nd plural *warnōþ *warnōþ *warnōþ *warnōnþai *warnōnþau
3rd plural *warnōnþi *warnōn *warnōnþau *warnōnþai *warnōnþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *warnōdǭ *warnōdēdį̄
2nd singular *warnōdēz *warnōdēdīz
3rd singular *warnōdē *warnōdēdī
1st dual *warnōdēdū *warnōdēdīw
2nd dual *warnōdēdudiz *warnōdēdīdiz
1st plural *warnōdēdum *warnōdēdīm
2nd plural *warnōdēdud *warnōdēdīd
3rd plural *warnōdēdun *warnōdēdīn
present past
participles *warnōndz *warnōdaz

Derived terms

  • *warnungō
  • *warnijaną
  • *warnō

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *warnōn
    • Old English: warnian, wearnian
      • Middle English: warnien, warnen
        • Scots: wairn
        • English: warn
    • Old Frisian: wernia, warna
    • Old Saxon: *warnōn
    • Old Dutch: warnon
    • Old High German: warnōn
  • Old Norse: varna

References

  1. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*warnjōanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 449
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