Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wedrą

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

*weþrą^[1]

Etymology

Uncertain; traditionally linked to Proto-Slavic *vedro (“good weather”), reconstructing a common Proto-Indo-European *wedʰrom, which is sometimes assumed to be from *h₂weh₁- (“to blow; wind”) +‎ *-dʰrom (instrument noun–deriving suffix), equivalent to *wēaną +‎ *-þrą. However, this etymology suffers phonetic difficulties, namely the lack of a long vowel and the descendants that reflect unvoiced *-þrą in the suffix. If from pre-Germanic *h₂weh₁tróm, perhaps a formation in common with Latvian vētra, Lithuanian vė́tra (“storm”) and Proto-Slavic *vě̀trъ (“wind, air”).^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈweð.rɑ̃/

Noun

*wedrą n^[1]^[2]

weather

Inflection

Declension of *wedrą (neuter a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*wedrą	*wedrō
vocative	*wedrą	*wedrō
accusative	*wedrą	*wedrō
genitive	wedras, widris	*wedrǫ̂
dative	*wedrai	*wedramaz
instrumental	*wedrō	*wedramiz

Derived terms

*unwedrą
*wedralaikaz^[2]
*wedrōną^[2]

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *wedr
- Old English: weder
  - Middle English: weder, wethyr
    - English: weather
    - Scots: weddir, wethir, wathir
- Old Frisian: weder, wedder
  - Saterland Frisian: Weeder
  - West Frisian: waar
- Old Saxon: wedar
  - German Low German: Weder
    Plautdietsch:
- Old Dutch: wedar
  - Dutch: weder, weer
    - Afrikaans: weer
- Old High German: wetar, *wedar
  - Middle High German: weter (classical), wetter (late), weder (Central German)
    - Alemannic German: Wätter
      Swabian:
    - Bavarian: Wetta
      Austrian: Weda
      Cimbrian: bèttar
      Mòcheno:
    - Central Franconian: Wedder, Wäder, Weader, Wäer
      Hunsrik: Wetter
      Luxembourgish: Wieder
      Transylvanian Saxon: Wadder, Wodder
    - East Central German:
      Upper Saxon German: Wättr
    - East Franconian:
    - German: Wetter
    - Rhine Franconian:
      Pennsylvania German: Wedder
    - Yiddish: וועטער (veter)
Old Norse: veðr, -viðri
- Icelandic: veður
- Faroese: veður
- Norwegian Nynorsk: vêr, veder; (dialectal) veir, vør, ve
- Elfdalian: weðer
- Old Swedish: væþer
  - Swedish: väder
- Old Danish: wæthær
  - Danish: vejr, vær, vædder
    - Norwegian Bokmål: vær
- Gutnish: vädar
- Scanian: væðer
→ Proto-Samic: *vierttō (see there for further descendants)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*weþra- ~ *wedra-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 583–584
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*weđran”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 452

[EDPG-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*weþra- ~ *wedra-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 583–584

[HGE-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*weđran”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 452

[1]

[2]