Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wrībaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Unknown; possibly from Proto-Indo-European *wreyp- / *wrīp-, from a labial extension of Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to turn”),^[1] whence Ancient Greek ῥίπτω (rhíptō, “to throw, cast”), though this is disputed.^[2]^[3]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈwri.βɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*wrībaną

(West Germanic) to rub
(West Germanic) to wipe

Conjugation

Conjugation of (strong class 1)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*wrībō	*wrībaų	—	*wrībai	?
2nd singular	*wrībizi	*wrībaiz	*wrīb	*wrībazai	*wrībaizau
3rd singular	*wrībidi	*wrībai	*wrībadau	*wrībadai	*wrībaidau
1st dual	*wrībōz	*wrībaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*wrībadiz	*wrībaidiz	*wrībadiz	—	—
1st plural	*wrībamaz	*wrībaim	—	*wrībandai	*wrībaindau
2nd plural	*wrībid	*wrībaid	*wrībid	*wrībandai	*wrībaindau
3rd plural	*wrībandi	*wrībain	*wrībandau	*wrībandai	*wrībaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*wraib	*wribį̄
2nd singular	*wraift	*wribīz
3rd singular	*wraib	*wribī
1st dual	*wribū	*wribīw
2nd dual	*wribudiz	*wribīdiz
1st plural	*wribum	*wribīm
2nd plural	*wribud	*wribīd
3rd plural	*wribun	*wribīn

	present	past
participles	*wrībandz	*wribanaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *wrīban
- Old Frisian: *wrīva
  - Saterland Frisian: wrieuwe
  - West Frisian: wriuwe
- Old Saxon: wrīvan
  - Middle Low German: wrîven, rîven
    - Dutch Low Saxon:
      Twents: frieuwen
    - German Low German:
      Altmärkisch: riwen
      East Frisian: rieven
      Mecklenburgisch, Pommerellisch, Northern Low Saxon (Bremisch): wriwen
      Schleswig-Holsteinisch: wriewen
      Westphalian:
      Bentheimisch, Dortmundisch, East Westphalian (Lippe), Westmünsterländisch: riewen
      Bentheimisch, Dortmundisch, Westmünsterländisch: friewen
      Sauerländisch: reywen, reyben (Brilon, Wenden), rǖben (Niedersfeld), rīen (Finnentrop, Attendorn, Kirchhundem, Olpe), ruiwen (Meschede)
      East Westphalian: rüiwen (Lippe), wruiben (Ravensberg), rieben (Wedemark)
      Westmünsterländisch: frieben
- Old Dutch: *wrīvan
  - Middle Dutch: wrîven
    - Dutch: wrijven
      - Afrikaans: vryf, vrywe
    - Limburgish: wrieve
- Old High German: rīban, *rīvan, *wrīvan
  - Middle High German: rīben
    - Alemannic German: riibe
    - Central Franconian: rieve, frieve, reive
      - Hunsrik: reive
      - Luxembourgish: reiwen
    - German: reiben
- → Old French: riper
  - Middle French: riper, ripper
    - French: riper

References

^ “reiben” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “u̯reip-, u̯rip-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1159
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ῥίπτω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1287-8

[1] “reiben” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

[2] Pokorny, Julius (1959) “u̯reip-, u̯rip-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1159

[3] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ῥίπτω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1287-8

[1]

[2]

[3]