Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wurkijaną
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *wr̥ǵyéti, from *werǵ-, whence also *werką and *wirkijaną.[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈwur.ki.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*wurkijaną
Inflection
| active voice | passive voice | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive | |
| 1st singular | *wurkijō | *wurkijaų | — | *wurkijai | ? | |
| 2nd singular | *wurkīsi | *wurkijais | *wurkī | *wurkijasai | *wurkijaisau | |
| 3rd singular | *wurkīþi | *wurkijai | *wurkijaþau | *wurkijaþai | *wurkijaiþau | |
| 1st dual | *wurkijōs | *wurkijaiw | — | — | — | |
| 2nd dual | *wurkijaþiz | *wurkijaiþiz | *wurkijaþiz | — | — | |
| 1st plural | *wurkijamaz | *wurkijaim | — | *wurkijanþai | *wurkijainþau | |
| 2nd plural | *wurkīþ | *wurkijaiþ | *wurkīþ | *wurkijanþai | *wurkijainþau | |
| 3rd plural | *wurkijanþi | *wurkijain | *wurkijanþau | *wurkijanþai | *wurkijainþau | |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | ||||
| 1st singular | *wurhtǭ | *wurhtēdį̄ | ||||
| 2nd singular | *wurhtēz | *wurhtēdīz | ||||
| 3rd singular | *wurhtē | *wurhtēdī | ||||
| 1st dual | *wurhtēdū | *wurhtēdīw | ||||
| 2nd dual | *wurhtēdudiz | *wurhtēdīdiz | ||||
| 1st plural | *wurhtēdum | *wurhtēdīm | ||||
| 2nd plural | *wurhtēdud | *wurhtēdīd | ||||
| 3rd plural | *wurhtēdun | *wurhtēdīn | ||||
| present | past | |||||
| participles | *wurkijandz | *wurkidaz | ||||
Derived terms
Related terms
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *wurkijan
- Proto-Norse: ᚹᛟᚱᚨᚺᛏᛟ (worahto /worᵃhtō/), ᚹᚢᚱᛏᛖ (wurte /wurtē/), ᛟᚱᛏᛖ (orte /ortē/)
- Gothic: 𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽 (waurkjan)
- ⇒ Crimean Gothic: warthata
- →? Proto-Finnic: *pürkidäk
- →? Proto-Samic: *përkëtēk
References
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*wurkjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 600