Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵn̥h₃tós

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative reconstructions

  • *ǵneh₃tós (as one exception from its kind)[1]

Etymology

From *ǵneh₃- (“to recognise, to know”) +‎ *-tós (deverbal adjectival suffix).

Adjective

*ǵn̥h₃tós

  1. known
  2. recognisable

Inflection

Thematic
masculine feminine
nominative *ǵn̥h₃tós *ǵn̥h₃téh₂
genitive *ǵn̥h₃tósyo *ǵn̥h₃téh₂s
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *ǵn̥h₃tós *ǵn̥h₃tóh₁ *ǵn̥h₃tóes
vocative *ǵn̥h₃té *ǵn̥h₃tóh₁ *ǵn̥h₃tóes
accusative *ǵn̥h₃tóm *ǵn̥h₃tóh₁ *ǵn̥h₃tóms
genitive *ǵn̥h₃tósyo *? *ǵn̥h₃tóHom
ablative *ǵn̥h₃téad *? *ǵn̥h₃tómos, *ǵn̥h₃tóbʰos
dative *ǵn̥h₃tóey *? *ǵn̥h₃tómos, *ǵn̥h₃tóbʰos
locative *ǵn̥h₃téy, *ǵn̥h₃tóy *? *ǵn̥h₃tóysu
instrumental *ǵn̥h₃tóh₁ *? *ǵn̥h₃tṓys
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *ǵn̥h₃téh₂ *ǵn̥h₃téh₂h₁(e) *ǵn̥h₃téh₂es
vocative *ǵn̥h₃téh₂ *ǵn̥h₃téh₂h₁(e) *ǵn̥h₃téh₂es
accusative *ǵn̥h₃tā́m *ǵn̥h₃téh₂h₁(e) *ǵn̥h₃téh₂m̥s
genitive *ǵn̥h₃téh₂s *? *ǵn̥h₃téh₂oHom
ablative *ǵn̥h₃téh₂s *? *ǵn̥h₃téh₂mos, *ǵn̥h₃téh₂bʰos
dative *ǵn̥h₃téh₂ey *? *ǵn̥h₃téh₂mos, *ǵn̥h₃téh₂bʰos
locative *ǵn̥h₃téh₂, *ǵn̥h₃téh₂i *? *ǵn̥h₃téh₂su
instrumental *ǵn̥h₃téh₂h₁ *? *ǵn̥h₃téh₂mis, *ǵn̥h₃téh₂bʰis
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *ǵn̥h₃tóm *ǵn̥h₃tóy(h₁) *ǵn̥h₃téh₂
vocative *ǵn̥h₃tóm *ǵn̥h₃tóy(h₁) *ǵn̥h₃téh₂
accusative *ǵn̥h₃tóm *ǵn̥h₃tóy(h₁) *ǵn̥h₃téh₂
genitive *ǵn̥h₃tósyo *? *ǵn̥h₃tóHom
ablative *ǵn̥h₃téad *? *ǵn̥h₃tómos, *ǵn̥h₃tóbʰos
dative *ǵn̥h₃tóey *? *ǵn̥h₃tómos, *ǵn̥h₃tóbʰos
locative *ǵn̥h₃téy, *ǵn̥h₃tóy *? *ǵn̥h₃tóysu
instrumental *ǵn̥h₃tóh₁ *? *ǵn̥h₃tṓys

Descendants

  • Proto-Celtic: *gnātos (“known, usual”) (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Hellenic: *gnōtós
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́naHtás
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́naHtás
    • Proto-Iranian: *jnaHtás
      • Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬥𐬙𐬀 (zanta)
        • → Middle Persian: [script needed] (zand, “Zand, knowledge of Avesta”)

References

  1. ^ Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, § 127
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