Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱwes-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

    Root

    *ḱwes-[1]

    1. to puff, sigh

    Alternative reconstructions

    Derived terms

    • *ḱwés-ti ~ *ḱus-énti (athematic present)
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćwás-ti ~ *ćus-ánti
        • Proto-Indo-Aryan:
      • Proto-Italic: *kwesō[5] (thematised)
        • Latin: queror (“to complain”)
    • *ḱwos-éye-ti (causative)
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćwāsáyati
        • Sanskrit: श्वासयति (śvāsáyati)[3][4]
    • *ḱus-ih₂ (nominal dual)[6]
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian:
        • Avestan: 𐬯𐬎𐬱𐬌 f du (suši, “lungs”)
        • Khotanese: [script needed] (suvá)
        • Middle Persian: [script needed] (suš)
        • Old Ossetic: [script needed] (sūs, sos)
    Unsorted formations
    • Proto-Germanic: *hwēsaną (“to wheeze”)[6] (see there for further descendants)
    • Indo-Iranian:
    • Tocharian:
      • Tocharian B: kwäsnātär (“to bemoan”)

    References

    1. ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*k̑u̯es-, ‘schnaufen, schnauben, seufzen’”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 341
    2. ^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “*ḱu̯eshx- ‘± breathe; sigh, groan’”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 518
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “ŚVAS”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 677
    4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Mayrhofer, Manfred (1976) “śvásiti”, in Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary]‎[2] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 401
    5. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “queror, -ī ‘to complain, protest’”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 507
    6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hwēsan- s.v. ‘to wheeze’”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 266

    Further reading

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