श्वसिति

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

श्वसति (śvasati), श्वसते (śvasate)

Alternative scripts

শ্বসিতি (Assamese script)
ᬰ᭄ᬯᬲᬶᬢᬶ (Balinese script)
শ্বসিতি (Bengali script)
𑰫𑰿𑰪𑰭𑰰𑰝𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀰𑁆𑀯𑀲𑀺𑀢𑀺 (Brahmi script)
ၐွသိတိ (Burmese script)
શ્વસિતિ (Gujarati script)
ਸ਼੍ਵਸਿਤਿ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌶𑍍𑌵𑌸𑌿𑌤𑌿 (Grantha script)
ꦯ꧀ꦮꦱꦶꦠꦶ (Javanese script)
𑂬𑂹𑂫𑂮𑂱𑂞𑂱 (Kaithi script)
ಶ್ವಸಿತಿ (Kannada script)
ឝ្វសិតិ (Khmer script)
ຨ຺ວສິຕິ (Lao script)
ശ്വസിതി (Malayalam script)
ᡧᠣᠸᠠᠰ᠌ᡳᢠᡳ (Manchu script)
𑘫𑘿𑘪𑘭𑘱𑘝𑘱 (Modi script)
ᠱᢦᠰᠢᢐᠢ (Mongolian script)
𑧋𑧠𑧊𑧍𑧒𑦽𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
𑐱𑑂𑐰𑐳𑐶𑐟𑐶 (Newa script)
ଶ୍ଵସିତି (Odia script)
ꢯ꣄ꢮꢱꢶꢡꢶ (Saurashtra script)
𑆯𑇀𑆮𑆱𑆴𑆠𑆴 (Sharada script)
𑖫𑖿𑖪𑖭𑖰𑖝𑖰 (Siddham script)
ශ‍්වසිති (Sinhalese script)
𑩿 𑪙𑩾𑪁𑩑𑩫𑩑 (Soyombo script)
𑚧𑚶𑚦𑚨𑚮𑚙𑚮 (Takri script)
ஶ்வஸிதி (Tamil script)
శ్వసితి (Telugu script)
ศฺวสิติ (Thai script)
ཤྭ་སི་ཏི (Tibetan script)
𑒬𑓂𑒫𑒮𑒱𑒞𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
𑨮𑩇𑨭𑨰𑨁𑨙𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Probably from older *श्वस्ति (*śvásti), by analogy in conjugation with synonymous अनिति (aniti, “to breathe”). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwes- (“to puff, pant”). Descendants can go back to either श्वसिति (śvasiti) or श्वसति (śvásati).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɕʋɐ́.si.ti/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɕʋɐ.s̪i.t̪i/

Verb

श्वसिति • (śvásiti) third-singular indicative (class 2, type P, present, root श्वस्)

to blow, hiss, pant, snort
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda
to breathe, respire, draw breath, live
- c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata
- 200 BCE – 1200, Kāvya literature
to sigh, groan
to strike, kill

Conjugation

Present: श्वसिति (śvásiti)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	श्वसिति śvásiti	श्वसितः śvasitáḥ	श्वसन्ति śvasánti	- -	- -	- -
Second	श्वसिषि śvásiṣi	श्वसिथः śvasitháḥ	श्वसिथ śvasithá	- -	- -	- -
First	श्वसिमि śvásimi	श्वसिवः śvasiváḥ	श्वसिमः / श्वसिमसि¹ śvasimáḥ / śvasimási¹	- -	- -	- -
Imperative
Third	श्वसितु śvásitu	श्वसिताम् śvasitā́m	श्वसन्तु śvasántu	- -	- -	- -
Second	श्वसिहि śvasihí	श्वसितम् śvasitám	श्वसित śvasitá	- -	- -	- -
First	श्वसानि śvásāni	श्वसाव śvásāva	श्वसाम śvásāma	- -	- -	- -
Optative/Potential
Third	श्वस्यात् śvasyā́t	श्वस्याताम् śvasyā́tām	श्वस्युः śvasyúḥ	- -	- -	- -
Second	श्वस्याः śvasyā́ḥ	श्वस्यातम् śvasyā́tam	श्वस्यात śvasyā́ta	- -	- -	- -
First	श्वस्याम् śvasyā́m	श्वस्याव śvasyā́va	श्वस्याम śvasyā́ma	- -	- -	- -
Subjunctive
Third	श्वसत् / श्वसति śvásat / śvásati	श्वसतः śvásataḥ	श्वसन् śvásan	- -	- -	- -
Second	श्वसः / श्वससि śvásaḥ / śvásasi	श्वसथः śvásathaḥ	श्वसथ śvásatha	- -	- -	- -
First	श्वसानि / श्वसा śvásāni / śvásā	श्वसाव śvásāva	श्वसाम śvásāma	- -	- -	- -
Participles
	श्वसत् śvasát			- -
Notes	The subjunctive is only used in Vedic Sanskrit. ¹Vedic

Imperfect: अश्वसीत् (áśvasīt)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	अश्वसीत् áśvasīt	अश्वसिताम् áśvasitām	अश्वसन् áśvasan	- -	- -	- -
Second	अश्वसीः áśvasīḥ	अश्वसितम् áśvasitam	अश्वसित áśvasita	- -	- -	- -
First	अश्वसम् áśvasam	अश्वसिव áśvasiva	अश्वसिम áśvasima	- -	- -	- -

Rigveda 8.93.16 has zero-grade शुषे (śuṣe, 1sg.pres.ind.med.).

Derived terms

अनुश्वसिति (anuśvasiti)
आश्वसिति (āśvasiti, “breathe, revive”)
उच्छ्वसिति (ucchvasiti)
उपश्वसिति (upaśvasiti)
निःश्वसिति (niḥśvasiti, “hiss”)
निश्वसिति (niśvasiti)
प्रश्वसिति (praśvasiti)
विश्वसिति (viśvasiti)

Descendants

Pali: ससति (sasati, “breathes”)
Prakrit: ससइ (sasaï, “breathes”)

References

Monier Williams (1899) “श्वसिति”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1105.
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1976) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary]‎^[1] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 401
Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “śvas”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, pages 489-490