Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)neh₂-

See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)neh₁-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*(s)neh₂- (imperfective)^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]

to swim
to float

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)neh₂- (20 c, 0 e)

*(s)néh₂-ti ~ *(s)n̥h₂-énti (athematic root present)
*(s)noh₂-éye-ti (causative)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *snāHáyati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan:
    - Sanskrit: स्नापयति (snāpáyati) (with innovative -प्- (-p-))
  - Proto-Iranian: *snāHáyati
    - Avestan: 𐬁𐬯𐬥𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬝 (āsnaiiāt̰, 3sg.subj.)
    - Khotanese: [script needed] (ysänāj-)
    - Manichaean Middle Persian: 𐫀𐫀𐫘𐫗𐫀𐫏 (ʾʾsnʾy)
    - Sogdian: [script needed] (snʾy)
*(s)n̥h₂-sḱé-ti
- Tocharian:
  - Tocharian B: nāsk-
*néh₂-u-s
*(s)néh₂-mn̥
- Proto-Hellenic: *(h)nā́mə
  - Ancient Greek: νᾶμᾰ (nâmă)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan:
    - Sanskrit: नामन् (nāman, “water”) (only in Nighantu glossary)
*(s)néH-tr̥ (perhaps)
*(s)n̥h₂-mós
- Proto-Celtic: *snāmos
  - Brythonic:
    - Middle Breton: neuff
      - Breton: neuñv, neuñ
    - Middle Welsh: nawf
      - Welsh: nawf
  - Old Irish: snám
    - Irish: snámh
    - Manx: snaue
    - Scottish Gaelic: snàmh
*(s)neh₂-tós
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *snaHtás
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *snaHtás
    - Sanskrit: स्नात (snātá)
  - Proto-Iranian: *snaHtáh
    - Avestan: 𐬯𐬥𐬁𐬙𐬀 (snāta)
Unsorted formations:
- Indo-Iranian:
  - Proto-Iranian:
    - Khotanese: [script needed] (ysänāh-) (< *snāp-^[6])
    - Manichaean Middle Persian: 𐫙𐫢𐫗𐫀𐫉 (ʿšnʾz)
    - Middle Persian: [script needed] (šnʾc /⁠šnāz-⁠/, “to swim”)
      - Persian: شناویدن (šenâvidan, “to swim”)
  - Proto-Iranian:
    - Kurdish:
      - Northern Kurdish: ajna (āžnā), ajnê (āžnē), ajnî (āžnī, “swimming”)
    - Mazanderani: سنو (seno, “swimming”)
    - Middle Persian: [script needed] (šnʾc /⁠šnāz⁠/, “swimming”)
      - Persian: شنا (šenâ, “swimming”), اشنان (ošnân, “wash herb, alkalin herb, barilla”)

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *snaH-
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *snaH-
  - Sanskrit: स्ना (snā)
- Proto-Iranian: *snaH-

References

^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “snā-, snə-(t-), snāu-, sn-eu-, sn-et-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 971-972
^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*(s)neh₂-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 572-573
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “nō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 411
^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*snā-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 348
^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*snaH”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 348-349
^ Bailey, H. W. (1979) “ysänāh-”, in Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 351

[1] Pokorny, Julius (1959) “snā-, snə-(t-), snāu-, sn-eu-, sn-et-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 971-972

[2] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*(s)neh₂-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 572-573

[3] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “nō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 411

[4] Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*snā-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 348

[5] Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*snaH”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 348-349

[6] Bailey, H. W. (1979) “ysänāh-”, in Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 351

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