Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰenǵʰ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*bʰenǵʰ- (adjectival)^[1]^[2]

thick
^? to swell, grow^{[note 1]}

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰenǵʰ- (6 c, 0 e)

*bʰénǵʰ-e-ti (thematic present)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰánȷ́ʰati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bánźʰati
    - Sanskrit: बंहते (báṃhate, “to increase, grow”)
  - Proto-Iranian: *bánjati
    - Avestan: 𐬠𐬄𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (bązaⁱti)
*bʰénǵʰ-u-s ~ *bʰn̥ǵʰ-éw-s (“thick”)^[3]
*bʰénǵʰ-yōs ~ *bʰn̥ǵʰ-is-és (“thicker”)
- Proto-Hellenic: *pə́ťťōn
  - Ancient Greek: πάσσων (pássōn)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰánȷ́ʰyas
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bánźʰyas
    - Sanskrit: बंहीयस् (báṃhīyas)
*bʰénǵʰ-istʰ-os (“thickest”)
- Ancient Greek: πάχιστος (pákhistos)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰánȷ́ʰištʰas
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bánźʰiṣṭʰas
    - Sanskrit: बंहिष्ठ (báṃhiṣṭha)
*bʰónǵʰ-ō ~ *bʰn̥ǵʰ-n-és (“swelling”) (with secondary o-grade?)
- Proto-Germanic: (originally) *bangô ~ *bunkkaz^{[note 2]}
  - *bungô ~ *bunkaz, ⇒? *bunkô (“heap, lump”), *bankô (“hill; bank”) (back-formed) (see there for further descendants)
    - Proto-West Germanic: *bungō
      - Old High German: bungo (“swelling, tuber”)
        Middle High German: bunge
        German: Bunge
    - ⇒ *bank-iz (“bulge, hill; slope, bank, bench”) (see there for further descendants)
    - ⇒ *bung-jô
      - Frankish: *bungjō
        Old French: bugne, buyne, bigne (“lump, swelling”) (or from Gaulish *bunia?)
        French: bugne
- →? Proto-Finno-Ugric: *poŋka (“protuberance, unevenness; knot, knob, tuber”)
  - Proto-Finnic:
    - Estonian: pung
  - Proto-Ugric:
    - Hungarian: bog
*bʰénǵʰ-os ~ *bʰénǵʰ-es-os (“thickness”)
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: πάχος (pákhos)^[3]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰánȷ́ʰas
  - Proto-Iranian: *bánjah
    - Avestan: 𐬠𐬄𐬰𐬀𐬵 (bązah)
*bʰn̥ǵʰ-tó-s (“thickened”)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰaždʰás
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *baẓḍʰás
    - Sanskrit: बाढ (bāḍhá), बाळ्ह (bāḷhá)
      - Assamese: বাৰু (baru)

Notes

^ The verbal senses “to grow, thicken” are found in Indo-Iranian, but their inherited status is disputed.
^ The Germanic forms with *k are alternatively explained as from *bʰeng- (“to bend, curve; to swell”), but then the alternation with *g would be difficult to explain.

References

^ Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) “*bʰeng̑ʰ-”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, page 13
^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 378
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “παχύς”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1159

[3] The verbal senses “to grow, thicken” are found in Indo-Iranian, but their inherited status is disputed.

[5] The Germanic forms with *k are alternatively explained as from *bʰeng- (“to bend, curve; to swell”), but then the alternation with *g would be difficult to explain.

[1] Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) “*bʰeng̑ʰ-”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, page 13

[2] Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 378

[B-4] 3.0 ^3.1 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “παχύς”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1159

[1]

[2]

[note 1]

[3]

[note 2]