Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʰóstis

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

    Possibly from *gʰes- (“to eat”) +‎ *-tis (abstract or action suffix). Compare Sanskrit घसति (ghásati), Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬵 (gah, “to eat, to gorge”).

    Heidermanns derives this from *gʰo + *steh₂- (“to stand”) + *-is.[1]

    Noun

    *gʰóstis m[2][3][4]

    1. stranger, host[5]
    2. guest
    3. enemy

    Inflection

    Athematic, proterokinetic
    singular
    nominative *gʰóstis
    genitive *gʰostéys
    singular dual plural
    nominative *gʰóstis *gʰóstih₁(e) *gʰósteyes
    vocative *gʰósti *gʰóstih₁(e) *gʰósteyes
    accusative *gʰóstim *gʰóstih₁(e) *gʰóstims
    genitive *gʰostéys *? *gʰostéyoHom
    ablative *gʰostéys *? *gʰostímos, *gʰostíbʰos
    dative *gʰostéyey *? *gʰostímos, *gʰostíbʰos
    locative *gʰostéy, *gʰostḗy *? *gʰostísu
    instrumental *gʰostíh₁ *? *gʰostímis, *gʰostíbʰis

    Derived terms

    Descendants

    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gastis
      • Latgalian: gosts
      • Proto-Slavic: *gostь (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Celtic: *gostis
    • Proto-Germanic: *gastiz (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Italic: *hostis (see there for further descendants)

    References

    1. ^ Heidermanns, Frank (2002) “Nominal Composition In Sabellic And Proto-Italic”, in Transactions of the Philological Society, volume 100, number 2, →DOI, →ISSN, page 190
    2. ^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
    3. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
    4. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
    5. ^ Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 269
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