Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂éwh₂os

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction

    On the basis of the geminate "ḫ" in Hittite "ḫuḫḫa-", Kloekhorst concludes that it cannot reflect a diphthong, which is contradicted by Eichner's lenition law. Therefore, he argues that an athematic ablauting paradigm should be reconstructed instead.

    Noun

    *h₂éwh₂os m (non-ablauting)[1][2]

    1. maternal grandfather
    2. maternal uncle

    Inflection

    Thematic
    singular
    nominative *h₂éwh₂os
    genitive *h₂éwh₂osyo
    singular dual plural
    nominative *h₂éwh₂os *h₂éwh₂oh₁ *h₂éwh₂oes
    vocative *h₂éwh₂e *h₂éwh₂oh₁ *h₂éwh₂oes
    accusative *h₂éwh₂om *h₂éwh₂oh₁ *h₂éwh₂oms
    genitive *h₂éwh₂osyo *? *h₂éwh₂oHom
    ablative *h₂éwh₂ead *? *h₂éwh₂omos, *h₂éwh₂obʰos
    dative *h₂éwh₂oey *? *h₂éwh₂omos, *h₂éwh₂obʰos
    locative *h₂éwh₂ey, *h₂éwh₂oy *? *h₂éwh₂oysu
    instrumental *h₂éwh₂oh₁ *? *h₂éwh₂ōys

    Alternative reconstructions

    • *h₂éwh₂s ~ *h₂uh₂ós[3]

    Derived terms

    • *h₂éwh₂-h₂ ~ *h₂uh₂-és (“grandmother”)
      • Proto-Italic: *awā
        • Latin: ava (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Germanic: *awǭ (see there for further descendants)
    • *h₂éwh₂-ō ~ *h₂uh₂-nés[4][5][6]
      • Proto-Celtic: *awū (“uncle”) (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Germanic: *awô (“grandfather”) (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Italic: *awō
        • ⇒ Latin: avunculus (“maternal uncle”) (see there for further descendants)
    • *h₂ewh₂-yó-s
      • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *auˀis, *auˀjas
        • Old Prussian: awis (“uncle”)
        • Proto-Slavic: *ujь (“maternal uncle”) (see there for further descendants)
        • ⇒ Proto-Balto-Slavic: *auˀinas
          • Lithuanian: avynas (“maternal uncle”)
          • Proto-Slavic:
            • Bulgarian: ву́йна (vújna, “uncle's wife”), (dialectal) у́йна (újna)
      • Proto-Celtic: *auyos
        • Primitive Irish: ᚐᚃᚔ (avi, “descendant”) (see there for further descendants)
        • Gaulish: aua (“granddaughter”)[7]

    Descendants

    • Anatolian:
      • Carian: 𐊨𐊲𐊨 (quq, “grandfather”)[8]
      • Hittite: 𒄷𒄴𒄩𒀸 (ḫu-uḫ-ḫa-as, “grandfather”)[8][9]
      • Luwian:[8][9]
        Luwian: 𒄷𒌋𒄩 (ḫūḫa-, “grandfather”)
        Luwian: 𔕳𔓷 (huha-, “grandfather”)
      • Lycian: 𐊜𐊒𐊄𐊀 (χuga, “grandfather”)[8][9]
      • Lydian: 𐤨𐤰𐤨𐤠𐤮 (kukas, “grandfather”)
      • Milyan: 𐊜𐊒𐊄𐊀 (χuga, “grandfather”)[8]
    • Armenian:
      • Old Armenian: հաւ (haw) (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Italic: *awos
      • Latin: avus (“grandfather”) (see there for further descendants)
    • Tocharian:

    References

    1. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “au̯o-s”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 89
    2. ^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
    3. ^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 411
    4. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*awa/ōn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 44
    5. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*awon-tīr, *awon-tro-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 48
    6. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “avus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 66
    7. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 49–50
    8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 Bianconi, Michele (2021) Linguistic and Cultural Interactions between Greece and Anatolia: In Search of the Golden Fleece, Leiden: Brill Publishers, →ISBN, pages 119-120
    9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 351-352
    10. ^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “āwe”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 61
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